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I Ching · 64 Hexagrams
Zhouyi, I Ching, Hexagram 49, Revolution hexagram, Lake over Fire Revolution, Dui above Li below
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Revolution: On the day of Ji, there is trust. Great success, favorable for perseverance in what is right. Regret disappears.
The Tuan Commentary says: Revolution means water and fire extinguishing one another; two daughters living together whose aims do not agree—this is called revolution. “On the day of Ji there is trust”: after revolution, trust is established. With clarity and joy, there is great success through correctness. When revolution is appropriate, regret disappears. When Heaven and Earth transform, the four seasons are formed. The revolutions of Tang and Wu followed Heaven and responded to the people. How great is the meaning of the proper time for revolution!
The Image says: There is fire within the lake—Revolution. The junzi therefore regulates the calendar and clarifies the seasons.
Hexagram 49 — original text and overview
Detailed explanation of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Original text of the Revolution hexagram
Revolution. On the day of Ji there is trust. Great success, favorable for perseverance in what is right. Regret disappears.
The Image says: There is fire within the lake—Revolution. The junzi therefore regulates the calendar and clarifies the seasons.
Explanation in plain language
Revolution hexagram: On the day of the sacrifice, captives are used as human offerings; success and a favorable divination. No regret.
The Image Commentary says: The outer trigram is Dui, which is the lake; the inner trigram is Li, which is fire. Steam rises within and heat burns without; water dries and vegetation withers. It is like a great fire burning within a lake—this is the image of the Revolution hexagram. The junzi observes this image and understands the cyclical changes of the lake’s rise and fall and vegetation’s withering and flourishing; thus he orders the calendar and clarifies the seasons.
Explanation from The Heavenly Mechanism of Divining Changes
The Revolution hexagram has Dui above and Li below, and is the fourth-generation hexagram of the Kan palace. Revolution means that change is necessary, reminding the diviner that only through reform can one progress further.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Many matters are changing; hold firmly to the right path. Follow Heaven and respond to people; implement reform.
Those who receive this hexagram will find everything in a state of change. It is suitable to discard the old and establish the new, responding to the image of reform; then good fortune will result.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: It is a time for change; move with the times.
Finances: Excessive expenditure; move elsewhere to trade.
Household: Be careful about fire; an indication of remarrying.
Health: Kidney water is depleted and liver fire rises.
Traditional interpretation of the hexagram
This hexagram is formed by two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Dui above. Li is fire and Dui is the lake, which contains water. Water is above and pours downward; fire is below and rises upward. When fire is strong, water dries; when water is abundant, fire is extinguished. The two generate and overcome each other, so reform must appear. Reform is a fundamental law of the universe.
Great image: Dui is metal, burned by Li’s fire—an image of reform.
Fortune: Everything is in motion and change; discard the old and establish the new in response to the image of reform.
Career: You are at a critical turning point and must pay close attention to all kinds of information and think carefully. First consolidate your position and improve your conduct. Once the time is ripe, act immediately and pursue reform actively. But ensure your motives are pure and your methods proper; neither be conservative nor advance recklessly, and your career will surely prosper.
Business: Market competition is extremely fierce. To remain undefeated, one must dare to pursue bold innovation and change one’s business direction at the right time. After suffering a setback, immediately learn from the experience, rise again, and expand business activities—but pay attention to the way in which competition is conducted.
Seeking fame: First work hard to improve yourself and perfect your knowledge and virtue. At the same time, follow your superiors’ direction and do your work well; the relationship between these two must be handled properly.
Marriage and romance: Unexpected complications may arise; handle them calmly and remain devoted in your feelings.
Decision-making: Extremely auspicious and smooth. Use your intelligence and talent to follow circumstances, act according to reason and the characteristics of the age, reform what is becoming timely, and strengthen your career. But be cautious: do not act recklessly before the time is ripe, and especially avoid seeking quick success and immediate gain. Think three times before acting.
The philosophical meaning of the forty-ninth hexagram
The hexagram image of Revolution: the symbolic meaning of Lake over Fire Revolution
The Revolution hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, with Li below and Dui above. Li is fire and Dui is the lake, which contains water. Water is above and fire below, showing that fire below can roast the lake water dry, causing the lake deprived of water to become something of a different nature. From another angle, if the lake water overflows, it will put out the fire below. Once extinguished, it is no longer fire but becomes something of a different nature. Fire flourishes and water dries; water becomes abundant and fire goes out. The two both generate and overcome each other, so reform inevitably appears; therefore this hexagram is named “Revolution.”
At the same time, Li carries the meaning of brightness, while Dui also signifies joy. This tells people that the purpose of revolution is to eliminate the old, create new brightness, and bring joy to people.
The Revolution hexagram follows the Well hexagram. The Sequence Commentary explains: “The way of the well cannot remain unreformed, therefore Revolution follows it.” A well that has been used for a long time must be cleaned regularly, so reform is required after the Well hexagram. The Miscellaneous Hexagrams says: “Revolution means removing the old.” Therefore, the Revolution hexagram refers to reform, removing the old and introducing the new.
The Image explains the Revolution hexagram as follows: There is fire within the lake—Revolution; the junzi therefore regulates the calendar and clarifies the seasons. The hexagram image is Li (fire) below and Dui (lake) above, an appearance of fire within a lake. Great water can extinguish fire, while great fire can evaporate water. Thus water and fire overcome and generate each other, producing reform. The junzi follows the pattern of reform to establish a calendar and distinguish the changes of spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
The Revolution hexagram symbolizes reform; the principle it expresses is following Heaven and responding to people, and it belongs to the highest auspicious category. The Image says: A seedling encounters drought and gradually withers; fortunately Heaven’s grace brings rain. Worry departs and joy arrives through change; plans and undertakings proceed according to one’s wishes.
Original text of the Revolution hexagram
Revolution. On the day of Ji there is trust. Great success, favorable for perseverance in what is right. Regret disappears.
The Image says: There is fire within the lake—Revolution. The junzi therefore regulates the calendar and clarifies the seasons.
Explanation in plain language
Revolution hexagram: On the day of the sacrifice, captives are used as human offerings; success and a favorable divination. No regret.
The Image Commentary says: The outer trigram is Dui, which is the lake; the inner trigram is Li, which is fire. Steam rises within and heat burns without; water dries and vegetation withers. It is like a great fire burning within a lake—this is the image of the Revolution hexagram. The junzi observes this image and understands the cyclical changes of the lake’s rise and fall and vegetation’s withering and flourishing; thus he orders the calendar and clarifies the seasons.
Explanation from The Heavenly Mechanism of Divining Changes
The Revolution hexagram has Dui above and Li below, and is the fourth-generation hexagram of the Kan palace. Revolution means that change is necessary, reminding the diviner that only through reform can one progress further.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Many matters are changing; hold firmly to the right path. Follow Heaven and respond to people; implement reform.
Those who receive this hexagram will find everything in a state of change. It is suitable to discard the old and establish the new, responding to the image of reform; then good fortune will result.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: It is a time for change; move with the times.
Finances: Excessive expenditure; move elsewhere to trade.
Household: Be careful about fire; an indication of remarrying.
Health: Kidney water is depleted and liver fire rises.
Traditional interpretation of the hexagram
This hexagram is formed by two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Dui above. Li is fire and Dui is the lake, which contains water. Water is above and pours downward; fire is below and rises upward. When fire is strong, water dries; when water is abundant, fire is extinguished. The two generate and overcome each other, so reform must appear. Reform is a fundamental law of the universe.
Great image: Dui is metal, burned by Li’s fire—an image of reform.
Fortune: Everything is in motion and change; discard the old and establish the new in response to the image of reform.
Career: You are at a critical turning point and must pay close attention to all kinds of information and think carefully. First consolidate your position and improve your conduct. Once the time is ripe, act immediately and pursue reform actively. But ensure your motives are pure and your methods proper; neither be conservative nor advance recklessly, and your career will surely prosper.
Business: Market competition is extremely fierce. To remain undefeated, one must dare to pursue bold innovation and change one’s business direction at the right time. After suffering a setback, immediately learn from the experience, rise again, and expand business activities—but pay attention to the way in which competition is conducted.
Seeking fame: First work hard to improve yourself and perfect your knowledge and virtue. At the same time, follow your superiors’ direction and do your work well; the relationship between these two must be handled properly.
Marriage and romance: Unexpected complications may arise; handle them calmly and remain devoted in your feelings.
Decision-making: Extremely auspicious and smooth. Use your intelligence and talent to follow circumstances, act according to reason and the characteristics of the age, reform what is becoming timely, and strengthen your career. But be cautious: do not act recklessly before the time is ripe, and especially avoid seeking quick success and immediate gain. Think three times before acting.
The philosophical meaning of the forty-ninth hexagram
The hexagram image of Revolution: the symbolic meaning of Lake over Fire Revolution
The Revolution hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, with Li below and Dui above. Li is fire and Dui is the lake, which contains water. Water is above and fire below, showing that fire below can roast the lake water dry, causing the lake deprived of water to become something of a different nature. From another angle, if the lake water overflows, it will put out the fire below. Once extinguished, it is no longer fire but becomes something of a different nature. Fire flourishes and water dries; water becomes abundant and fire goes out. The two both generate and overcome each other, so reform inevitably appears; therefore this hexagram is named “Revolution.”
At the same time, Li carries the meaning of brightness, while Dui also signifies joy. This tells people that the purpose of revolution is to eliminate the old, create new brightness, and bring joy to people.
The Revolution hexagram follows the Well hexagram. The Sequence Commentary explains: “The way of the well cannot remain unreformed, therefore Revolution follows it.” A well that has been used for a long time must be cleaned regularly, so reform is required after the Well hexagram. The Miscellaneous Hexagrams says: “Revolution means removing the old.” Therefore, the Revolution hexagram refers to reform, removing the old and introducing the new.
The Image explains the Revolution hexagram as follows: There is fire within the lake—Revolution; the junzi therefore regulates the calendar and clarifies the seasons. The hexagram image is Li (fire) below and Dui (lake) above, an appearance of fire within a lake. Great water can extinguish fire, while great fire can evaporate water. Thus water and fire overcome and generate each other, producing reform. The junzi follows the pattern of reform to establish a calendar and distinguish the changes of spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
The Revolution hexagram symbolizes reform; the principle it expresses is following Heaven and responding to people, and it belongs to the highest auspicious category. The Image says: A seedling encounters drought and gradually withers; fortunately Heaven’s grace brings rain. Worry departs and joy arrives through change; plans and undertakings proceed according to one’s wishes.
Hexagram 49 — line-by-line explanation
Detailed explanation of the Initial Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the First Nine line
Initial Nine. Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox.
The Image says: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox; one cannot undertake anything.
Explanation in plain language
Initial Nine: Use the hide of a yellow ox to bind and reinforce the (war chariot).
The Image Commentary says: Binding and reinforcing with the hide of a yellow ox shows that the person is tightly restrained and unable to accomplish anything.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line should cautiously observe the usual rules and must not entertain improper ambitions. Officials should not seek advancement and must never harbor thoughts of overstepping their position.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: It is best to hold your ground and wait a few more years.
Finances: Establish the foundation first; do not seek major changes.
Household: A newly built house; wait three years before marriage.
Health: Hard swelling in the middle abdomen; reduce accumulation and strengthen the spleen.
Transformation of the First Nine line
!["周易第49卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_49_1.png)
When the Initial Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 31: Lake over Mountain Influence. This is formed by two different trigrams stacked together, Gen below and Dui above. Gen is mountain; the lake is water. Dui’s yielding quality is above and Gen’s firmness below; water seeps downward, the yielding is above and the firm below, responding to each other. Through resonance, completion is achieved.
Philosophical meaning of the First Nine line
The first line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Initial Nine: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox.
Gong: to consolidate and bind. Yellow: the color yellow; yellow represents the earth at the center and symbolizes the middle way.
The meaning of this line statement is: Bind it tightly with yellow ox hide to prevent rash action.
The lesson of the Initial Nine is that reform requires mastering the right timing. In the hexagram image, Initial Nine is a yang line in a firm place, properly placed, suggesting a desire to advance upward. Above, it is opposed to the Fourth Nine and has no correspondence. Although it has yang strength and virtue, it lacks support from those above; the conditions for reform are immature, so it should not act rashly or seek quick success and immediate gain.
The Image explains this line: “Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox”; one cannot undertake anything. This points out that the Initial Nine is at the very lowest position of the hexagram, low in rank and unable to accomplish anything.
If you receive this line, the current situation is unsuitable for reform. You should adopt a conservative attitude and may gain benefit from doing nothing. Although you feel tightly bound and unable to display your abilities, this is advantageous for you.
If this hexagram is consulted about a child, the child should be watched closely to prevent him from breaking the law.
Initial Nine: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox.
The Image says: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox; one cannot undertake anything.
The meaning of the text is: Bind it securely with a rope made from yellow ox hide.
The meaning of the Image says: Binding it securely with a rope made from yellow ox hide cannot be regarded as accomplishing anything.
Detailed explanation of the Second Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the second place line statement
Six in the Second Place. On the day of Ji, the change is made. Going forth is auspicious; no blame.
The Image says: On the day of Ji, the change is made; proceeding brings good results.
Explanation in plain language
Six in the Second Place: The date of the sacrifice must be changed. Then the date of the campaign should be divined anew, and the result is auspicious, with no disaster.
The Image Commentary says: The date of the sacrifice must be changed, probably because an auspicious celebration is about to occur.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Good fortune: Those who receive this line will have many joyous occasions; officials will be promoted.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Coordinate with an auspicious day and establish merit and fame.
Finances: Choose an auspicious day to open; business will flourish.
Household: Choose a date to renovate the house; a fine match is possible.
Health: Recovery is imminent.
Six in the second place changing hexagram
!["周易第49卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_49_2.png)
When the Six in the Second Place changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 43: Lake over Heaven Breakthrough. This is formed by two different trigrams stacked together, Qian below and Dui above. Qian is Heaven and strength; Dui is lake and joy. The lake’s vapor rises, condenses and falls as rain, which nourishes all things. Five yang lines remove one yielding line; removing it is not difficult, so a breakthrough suffices. Hence it is called Guai, meaning decision or removal.
Philosophical meaning of the Second Nine line
The second line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Six in the Second Place: On the day of Ji, the change is made; going forth is auspicious, with no blame.
Among Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, and Gui, Ji is the sixth. If viewed through the sun’s movement in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon, it is when the sun has passed noon and begins slanting westward. Thus “the day of Ji” should be understood as the time when the sun has passed its peak and begins to decline. Here it metaphorically indicates that a country’s fortunes are turning from prosperity to decline—the time when the conditions for reform have matured.
The meaning of this line statement is: When the day of Ji arrives, carry out reform decisively; the future will surely be auspicious, with no calamity.
From the hexagram image, the Six in the Second Place is a yang line in a yielding place, yet it is centered and correct. Above, it responds to the Fifth Nine; together with the Initial Nine and Third Nine, it forms the configuration of riding firmness and supporting yang. It has support below and backing above, so the conditions for reform are already in place.
The Image explains this line: “On the day of Ji, the change is made”; action will have good results. It points out that carrying out reform on the day of Ji will surely produce beneficial effects.
If you receive this line and want to make reforms in your career or changes in your life, you can act now. However, it must be undertaken only after lengthy discussion and verification. You have support from superiors, subordinates, or family; ensure that the reform proceeds gradually rather than too quickly, and it will go smoothly.
Six in the Second Place: On the day of Ji, the change is made; going forth is auspicious, with no blame.
The Image says: On the day of Ji, the change is made; proceeding brings good results.
Detailed explanation of the Third Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Third Nine line
Third Nine. Going forth is ominous; perseverance is dangerous. Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement; then there is trust.
The Image says: After discussing the reform three times and reaching agreement, what other path is there?
Explanation in plain language
Third Nine: Going to war results in defeat and a bad divination. However, if one rallies, reorganizes equipment, and fights again, defeat can turn into victory and a powerful enemy can be captured alive.
The Image Commentary says: When a prisoner repeatedly retracts his testimony, interrogation must be conducted again and again; this shows that denial is useless and the truth must eventually be confessed.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who receive this line are in troubled times and should act cautiously. Officials face the danger of restlessness and losing control of administration.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Consider it repeatedly to avoid future trouble.
Finances: Only with good credit can profit be gained.
Household: Moving three times is advisable; three people serve as matchmakers.
Health: Recovery in three days.
Transformation of the Third Nine line
!["周易第49卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_49_3.png)
When the Third Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 17: Lake over Thunder Following. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together: Zhen below and Dui above. Zhen is thunder and movement; Dui is joy. Movement accompanied by joy is “following.” Following means mutual compliance: one follows things and things can follow oneself, with communication between both sides. Following must accord with time and circumstances, with principles and conditions, based on steadfastness.
The philosophical meaning of the line of Nine in the third place
The third line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Third Nine: Going forth is ominous; perseverance is dangerous. Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement; then there is trust.
Zheng: restlessness and excessive radicalism. Yan: theories, policies, and guiding principles of reform. Three: here it refers to the three sides—superiors, subordinates, and reform designers—and also to an approximate number, meaning people from many strata. Jiu: here it means soliciting opinions. There is trust: sincerity and conviction.
The meaning of this line statement is: During reform, acting too restlessly and radically brings danger; one must prevent danger through correctness. Reform proposals must be studied and considered thoroughly several times and gain people’s trust before success can be achieved.
This line teaches that one should not be radical during reform. In the hexagram image, the Third Nine is a yang line in a firm place, possessing yang firmness and correctness; rash advancement brings danger, while merely holding back misses the time. At this moment, remember the warning of the Third line of Qian: “The junzi is vigorous and alert all day; in the evening he remains cautious as if in danger, and there is no blame.” Neither reckless advance nor excessive conservatism is appropriate; careful, steady progress is the right attitude. The Third Nine is close below to the Six in the Second Place and correctly corresponds above to the Top Six, seeking opinions from above and below so reform can proceed with their support.
The Image explains this line: “Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement”; what other path is there? It points out that reform proposals must be studied and considered thoroughly several times. There is no other road: reform is already inevitable, and the only path is the path of reform.
If you receive this line, you have already begun reform or change. You still need to discuss matters with the relevant people and negotiate the problems that arise during reform. There may be no immediate result, but this is essential. After different people have expressed their views, use your reasoning to persuade them. During reform, proceed steadily and never be radical, or trouble will follow.
Third Nine: Going forth is ominous; perseverance is dangerous. Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement; then there is trust.
The Image says: After discussing the reform three times and reaching agreement, what other path is there?
Detailed explanation of the Fourth Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fourth Nine line
Fourth Nine. Regret disappears; there is trust, the mandate is changed—good fortune.
The Image says: The good fortune of changing the mandate lies in trusting one’s purpose.
Explanation in plain language
Fourth Nine: There is no regret. As for divining about war, there is a minor victory; if the commander is changed, there will be great good fortune.
The Image Commentary says: The line statement says changing the commander is auspicious because it enables people of talent and virtue to fulfill their aspirations.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will experience change and gain. Officials will have an opportunity for promotion.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Change lanes and good luck will come naturally.
Finances: Revive an old enterprise and profit can be gained.
Household: Renovation is beneficial; remarriage is beneficial.
Health: Seek a better doctor.
Transformation of the Fourth Nine line
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When the Fourth Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 63: Water over Fire Completion. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Kan above. Kan is water and Li is fire; water and fire interact, with water above fire, so the water’s force overcomes the fire and the work of extinguishing the fire is completed. Ji means already; ji means completion. Completion means that the matter has succeeded, but change will eventually occur.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fourth place line
The fourth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Fourth Nine: Regret disappears; with trust, change the mandate—good fortune.
The fourth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Fourth Nine: Regret disappears; with trust, change the mandate—good fortune. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Regret has disappeared; people’s trust is still needed to remove old things, and then the reform will certainly be auspicious.
From the hexagram image, the Fourth Nine is a yang line in a yielding place, hence there is regret. But it has entered the upper trigram, balancing firmness and yielding without bias, and can mediate the conflicts between them. It bravely serves as the mainstay of reform, so “regret disappears.” The Fourth Nine is close to the ruler, the Fifth Nine, and possesses the ability to balance firmness and yielding, sufficient to shoulder the heavy responsibility of reform; therefore it receives good fortune.
The Image explains this line: The good fortune of changing the mandate lies in trusting one’s purpose. It points out that removing old things is auspicious because it accords with the purpose of reform.
If you receive this line, the reform you are undertaking has already begun. Although it was reasoned through beforehand and the changes are very reasonable, people accustomed to old rules and order may find the new rules and order difficult to accept at once. They may criticize it or even refuse to accept it. You should change them through your own enthusiasm; the result will be very auspicious.
Fourth Nine: Regret disappears; with trust, change the mandate—good fortune.
The Image says: The good fortune of changing the mandate lies in trusting one’s purpose.
The meaning of the text is: There is no regret; with confidence, change the old mandate of Heaven—good fortune.
The meaning of the Image says: The good fortune of changing the mandate is achieved through confidence.
Detailed explanation of the Fifth Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fifth Nine line
Fifth Nine. The great person changes like a tiger; without divination there is trust.
The Image says: The great person changes like a tiger; his markings shine brilliantly.
Explanation in plain language
Fifth Nine: A prince or great person becomes visibly wrathful, transforming weakness into might; without divination, one knows a great victory will be won.
The Image Commentary says: The prince’s anger is manifest and tiger-like in might, showing that his bearing is majestic and his brilliance illuminates others.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Good fortune: Those who receive this line will see their fortune improve and encounter many auspicious matters. Officials have prospects for promotion.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Great luck has arrived; success is extraordinary.
Finances: Set the price properly and profit will naturally follow.
Household: Relocation is unfavorable; beware of infidelity.
Health: Liver fire is floating upward; it can heal without medicine.
Transformation of the Fifth Nine line
!["周易第49卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_49_5.png)
When the Fifth Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 55: Thunder over Fire Abundance. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Zhen above. Lightning flashes and thunder roars; achievement is immense, symbolizing reaching the peak, like the sun at midday. Warning: one must pay close attention to developments turning toward their opposites; prosperity and decline are impermanent, so vigilance is essential.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fifth place line
The fifth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Fifth Nine: The great person changes like a tiger; without divination there is trust. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: A great figure carries out reform like a fierce tiger; there is no need to doubt that he will glorify the virtue of trustworthiness.
From the hexagram image, the Fifth Nine is a yang line in a firm place, a great person properly placed, centered and correct. In the Revolution hexagram, his change is like that of a tiger, referring to the brilliant beauty of the tiger’s fur.
The Image explains this line: “The great person changes like a tiger”; his markings shine brilliantly. This points out that when a great figure carries out reform like a tiger, reform is bound to succeed and his virtue illuminates the world.
If you receive this line, understand that during reform you rely not only on your leadership position and authority, but also on your personal character to awaken others’ trust and enthusiasm. Then people will naturally support you, and what you do will be very easy to accomplish.
Fifth Nine: The great person changes like a tiger; without divination there is trust.
The Image says: The great person changes like a tiger; his markings shine brilliantly.
The meaning of the text is: A great figure changes himself like a tiger shedding its coat; without divination, he will gain people’s trust.
The meaning of the Image says: A great figure changes himself like a tiger shedding its coat; his literary brilliance shines.
Detailed explanation of the top line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Upper Six line statement
Top Six. The junzi changes like a leopard; the petty person changes his face. Going forth is ominous; remaining in the right place is auspicious.
The Image says: The junzi changes like a leopard; his markings are luxuriant. The petty person changes his face; he follows and obeys the ruler.
Explanation in plain language
Top Six: The junzi’s spirit is invigorated, but grassroots officials and soldiers become entirely different. If this line is obtained when asking about a campaign, it is dangerous; if asking about one’s residence, it is auspicious.
The Image Commentary says: The junzi’s spirit is invigorated, showing that his bearing is clear, refined, and composed. The petty person reforms his face, showing that he abandons evil, follows goodness, and obeys the ruler.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will avoid disputes and disturbances by staying within their proper bounds. Officials who seek advancement will be promoted; those retiring will complete their service and withdraw honorably.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: It is best to preserve what has been achieved and withdraw after success.
Finances: Gain both fame and profit; contentment brings lasting joy.
Household: Living there brings peace; many requests will be answered.
Health: Rest quietly and cultivate the mind.
Upper Six changing hexagram
!["周易第49卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_49_6.png)
When the Top Six changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 13: Heaven over Fire Fellowship. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Qian above. Qian is Heaven and the ruler; Li is fire and ministers and common people. Heaven is above and fire below; fire rises and joins Heaven. Above and below are harmonious and united, working together through hardship; human relations are harmonious and the world is united.
Philosophical meaning of the Upper Nine line
The sixth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Top Six: The junzi changes like a leopard; the petty person changes his face. Going forth is ominous; remaining in the right place is auspicious. Explanation of the line statement
Leopard: a fierce animal that hides and waits for an opportunity to act; here it symbolizes strong adaptability. Going forth: acting too aggressively.
From the hexagram image, the Top Six is at the very top of the Revolution hexagram; the yielding line occupies a yielding place and is properly placed. It is also close to the Fifth Nine, indicating that the junzi follows the great trend of reform and supports the reform program.
The Image explains this line: “The junzi changes like a leopard; his markings are luxuriant. The petty person changes his face; he follows and obeys the ruler.” It points out that the junzi responds like a leopard at the first sign, follows the ruler’s command, and answers the call for reform. This means that junzi assist a virtuous great person in reform, inevitably making its achievements brilliant; petty people may find it hard to change old habits, but they too begin adapting and changing in response to reform, showing that the general trend compels even them to follow.
If you receive this line, carry the reform through thoroughly. From the initial concept to the final details, everything must be implemented. As reform deepens, resistance will increase, but you must persist to the end; eventually even those who were waiting and watching will join your ranks.
Top Six: The junzi changes like a leopard; the petty person changes his face. Going forth is ominous; remaining in the right place is auspicious.
The Image says: The junzi changes like a leopard; his markings are luxuriant.
Statement of the First Nine line
Initial Nine. Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox.
The Image says: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox; one cannot undertake anything.
Explanation in plain language
Initial Nine: Use the hide of a yellow ox to bind and reinforce the (war chariot).
The Image Commentary says: Binding and reinforcing with the hide of a yellow ox shows that the person is tightly restrained and unable to accomplish anything.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line should cautiously observe the usual rules and must not entertain improper ambitions. Officials should not seek advancement and must never harbor thoughts of overstepping their position.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: It is best to hold your ground and wait a few more years.
Finances: Establish the foundation first; do not seek major changes.
Household: A newly built house; wait three years before marriage.
Health: Hard swelling in the middle abdomen; reduce accumulation and strengthen the spleen.
Transformation of the First Nine line
When the Initial Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 31: Lake over Mountain Influence. This is formed by two different trigrams stacked together, Gen below and Dui above. Gen is mountain; the lake is water. Dui’s yielding quality is above and Gen’s firmness below; water seeps downward, the yielding is above and the firm below, responding to each other. Through resonance, completion is achieved.
Philosophical meaning of the First Nine line
The first line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Initial Nine: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox.
Gong: to consolidate and bind. Yellow: the color yellow; yellow represents the earth at the center and symbolizes the middle way.
The meaning of this line statement is: Bind it tightly with yellow ox hide to prevent rash action.
The lesson of the Initial Nine is that reform requires mastering the right timing. In the hexagram image, Initial Nine is a yang line in a firm place, properly placed, suggesting a desire to advance upward. Above, it is opposed to the Fourth Nine and has no correspondence. Although it has yang strength and virtue, it lacks support from those above; the conditions for reform are immature, so it should not act rashly or seek quick success and immediate gain.
The Image explains this line: “Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox”; one cannot undertake anything. This points out that the Initial Nine is at the very lowest position of the hexagram, low in rank and unable to accomplish anything.
If you receive this line, the current situation is unsuitable for reform. You should adopt a conservative attitude and may gain benefit from doing nothing. Although you feel tightly bound and unable to display your abilities, this is advantageous for you.
If this hexagram is consulted about a child, the child should be watched closely to prevent him from breaking the law.
Initial Nine: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox.
The Image says: Bind it firmly with the hide of a yellow ox; one cannot undertake anything.
The meaning of the text is: Bind it securely with a rope made from yellow ox hide.
The meaning of the Image says: Binding it securely with a rope made from yellow ox hide cannot be regarded as accomplishing anything.
Detailed explanation of the Second Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the second place line statement
Six in the Second Place. On the day of Ji, the change is made. Going forth is auspicious; no blame.
The Image says: On the day of Ji, the change is made; proceeding brings good results.
Explanation in plain language
Six in the Second Place: The date of the sacrifice must be changed. Then the date of the campaign should be divined anew, and the result is auspicious, with no disaster.
The Image Commentary says: The date of the sacrifice must be changed, probably because an auspicious celebration is about to occur.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Good fortune: Those who receive this line will have many joyous occasions; officials will be promoted.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Coordinate with an auspicious day and establish merit and fame.
Finances: Choose an auspicious day to open; business will flourish.
Household: Choose a date to renovate the house; a fine match is possible.
Health: Recovery is imminent.
Six in the second place changing hexagram
When the Six in the Second Place changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 43: Lake over Heaven Breakthrough. This is formed by two different trigrams stacked together, Qian below and Dui above. Qian is Heaven and strength; Dui is lake and joy. The lake’s vapor rises, condenses and falls as rain, which nourishes all things. Five yang lines remove one yielding line; removing it is not difficult, so a breakthrough suffices. Hence it is called Guai, meaning decision or removal.
Philosophical meaning of the Second Nine line
The second line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Six in the Second Place: On the day of Ji, the change is made; going forth is auspicious, with no blame.
Among Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, and Gui, Ji is the sixth. If viewed through the sun’s movement in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon, it is when the sun has passed noon and begins slanting westward. Thus “the day of Ji” should be understood as the time when the sun has passed its peak and begins to decline. Here it metaphorically indicates that a country’s fortunes are turning from prosperity to decline—the time when the conditions for reform have matured.
The meaning of this line statement is: When the day of Ji arrives, carry out reform decisively; the future will surely be auspicious, with no calamity.
From the hexagram image, the Six in the Second Place is a yang line in a yielding place, yet it is centered and correct. Above, it responds to the Fifth Nine; together with the Initial Nine and Third Nine, it forms the configuration of riding firmness and supporting yang. It has support below and backing above, so the conditions for reform are already in place.
The Image explains this line: “On the day of Ji, the change is made”; action will have good results. It points out that carrying out reform on the day of Ji will surely produce beneficial effects.
If you receive this line and want to make reforms in your career or changes in your life, you can act now. However, it must be undertaken only after lengthy discussion and verification. You have support from superiors, subordinates, or family; ensure that the reform proceeds gradually rather than too quickly, and it will go smoothly.
Six in the Second Place: On the day of Ji, the change is made; going forth is auspicious, with no blame.
The Image says: On the day of Ji, the change is made; proceeding brings good results.
Detailed explanation of the Third Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Third Nine line
Third Nine. Going forth is ominous; perseverance is dangerous. Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement; then there is trust.
The Image says: After discussing the reform three times and reaching agreement, what other path is there?
Explanation in plain language
Third Nine: Going to war results in defeat and a bad divination. However, if one rallies, reorganizes equipment, and fights again, defeat can turn into victory and a powerful enemy can be captured alive.
The Image Commentary says: When a prisoner repeatedly retracts his testimony, interrogation must be conducted again and again; this shows that denial is useless and the truth must eventually be confessed.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who receive this line are in troubled times and should act cautiously. Officials face the danger of restlessness and losing control of administration.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Consider it repeatedly to avoid future trouble.
Finances: Only with good credit can profit be gained.
Household: Moving three times is advisable; three people serve as matchmakers.
Health: Recovery in three days.
Transformation of the Third Nine line
When the Third Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 17: Lake over Thunder Following. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together: Zhen below and Dui above. Zhen is thunder and movement; Dui is joy. Movement accompanied by joy is “following.” Following means mutual compliance: one follows things and things can follow oneself, with communication between both sides. Following must accord with time and circumstances, with principles and conditions, based on steadfastness.
The philosophical meaning of the line of Nine in the third place
The third line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Third Nine: Going forth is ominous; perseverance is dangerous. Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement; then there is trust.
Zheng: restlessness and excessive radicalism. Yan: theories, policies, and guiding principles of reform. Three: here it refers to the three sides—superiors, subordinates, and reform designers—and also to an approximate number, meaning people from many strata. Jiu: here it means soliciting opinions. There is trust: sincerity and conviction.
The meaning of this line statement is: During reform, acting too restlessly and radically brings danger; one must prevent danger through correctness. Reform proposals must be studied and considered thoroughly several times and gain people’s trust before success can be achieved.
This line teaches that one should not be radical during reform. In the hexagram image, the Third Nine is a yang line in a firm place, possessing yang firmness and correctness; rash advancement brings danger, while merely holding back misses the time. At this moment, remember the warning of the Third line of Qian: “The junzi is vigorous and alert all day; in the evening he remains cautious as if in danger, and there is no blame.” Neither reckless advance nor excessive conservatism is appropriate; careful, steady progress is the right attitude. The Third Nine is close below to the Six in the Second Place and correctly corresponds above to the Top Six, seeking opinions from above and below so reform can proceed with their support.
The Image explains this line: “Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement”; what other path is there? It points out that reform proposals must be studied and considered thoroughly several times. There is no other road: reform is already inevitable, and the only path is the path of reform.
If you receive this line, you have already begun reform or change. You still need to discuss matters with the relevant people and negotiate the problems that arise during reform. There may be no immediate result, but this is essential. After different people have expressed their views, use your reasoning to persuade them. During reform, proceed steadily and never be radical, or trouble will follow.
Third Nine: Going forth is ominous; perseverance is dangerous. Discuss the reform three times and reach agreement; then there is trust.
The Image says: After discussing the reform three times and reaching agreement, what other path is there?
Detailed explanation of the Fourth Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fourth Nine line
Fourth Nine. Regret disappears; there is trust, the mandate is changed—good fortune.
The Image says: The good fortune of changing the mandate lies in trusting one’s purpose.
Explanation in plain language
Fourth Nine: There is no regret. As for divining about war, there is a minor victory; if the commander is changed, there will be great good fortune.
The Image Commentary says: The line statement says changing the commander is auspicious because it enables people of talent and virtue to fulfill their aspirations.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will experience change and gain. Officials will have an opportunity for promotion.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Change lanes and good luck will come naturally.
Finances: Revive an old enterprise and profit can be gained.
Household: Renovation is beneficial; remarriage is beneficial.
Health: Seek a better doctor.
Transformation of the Fourth Nine line
When the Fourth Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 63: Water over Fire Completion. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Kan above. Kan is water and Li is fire; water and fire interact, with water above fire, so the water’s force overcomes the fire and the work of extinguishing the fire is completed. Ji means already; ji means completion. Completion means that the matter has succeeded, but change will eventually occur.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fourth place line
The fourth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Fourth Nine: Regret disappears; with trust, change the mandate—good fortune.
The fourth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Fourth Nine: Regret disappears; with trust, change the mandate—good fortune. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Regret has disappeared; people’s trust is still needed to remove old things, and then the reform will certainly be auspicious.
From the hexagram image, the Fourth Nine is a yang line in a yielding place, hence there is regret. But it has entered the upper trigram, balancing firmness and yielding without bias, and can mediate the conflicts between them. It bravely serves as the mainstay of reform, so “regret disappears.” The Fourth Nine is close to the ruler, the Fifth Nine, and possesses the ability to balance firmness and yielding, sufficient to shoulder the heavy responsibility of reform; therefore it receives good fortune.
The Image explains this line: The good fortune of changing the mandate lies in trusting one’s purpose. It points out that removing old things is auspicious because it accords with the purpose of reform.
If you receive this line, the reform you are undertaking has already begun. Although it was reasoned through beforehand and the changes are very reasonable, people accustomed to old rules and order may find the new rules and order difficult to accept at once. They may criticize it or even refuse to accept it. You should change them through your own enthusiasm; the result will be very auspicious.
Fourth Nine: Regret disappears; with trust, change the mandate—good fortune.
The Image says: The good fortune of changing the mandate lies in trusting one’s purpose.
The meaning of the text is: There is no regret; with confidence, change the old mandate of Heaven—good fortune.
The meaning of the Image says: The good fortune of changing the mandate is achieved through confidence.
Detailed explanation of the Fifth Nine line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fifth Nine line
Fifth Nine. The great person changes like a tiger; without divination there is trust.
The Image says: The great person changes like a tiger; his markings shine brilliantly.
Explanation in plain language
Fifth Nine: A prince or great person becomes visibly wrathful, transforming weakness into might; without divination, one knows a great victory will be won.
The Image Commentary says: The prince’s anger is manifest and tiger-like in might, showing that his bearing is majestic and his brilliance illuminates others.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Good fortune: Those who receive this line will see their fortune improve and encounter many auspicious matters. Officials have prospects for promotion.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Great luck has arrived; success is extraordinary.
Finances: Set the price properly and profit will naturally follow.
Household: Relocation is unfavorable; beware of infidelity.
Health: Liver fire is floating upward; it can heal without medicine.
Transformation of the Fifth Nine line
When the Fifth Nine changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 55: Thunder over Fire Abundance. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Zhen above. Lightning flashes and thunder roars; achievement is immense, symbolizing reaching the peak, like the sun at midday. Warning: one must pay close attention to developments turning toward their opposites; prosperity and decline are impermanent, so vigilance is essential.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fifth place line
The fifth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Fifth Nine: The great person changes like a tiger; without divination there is trust. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: A great figure carries out reform like a fierce tiger; there is no need to doubt that he will glorify the virtue of trustworthiness.
From the hexagram image, the Fifth Nine is a yang line in a firm place, a great person properly placed, centered and correct. In the Revolution hexagram, his change is like that of a tiger, referring to the brilliant beauty of the tiger’s fur.
The Image explains this line: “The great person changes like a tiger”; his markings shine brilliantly. This points out that when a great figure carries out reform like a tiger, reform is bound to succeed and his virtue illuminates the world.
If you receive this line, understand that during reform you rely not only on your leadership position and authority, but also on your personal character to awaken others’ trust and enthusiasm. Then people will naturally support you, and what you do will be very easy to accomplish.
Fifth Nine: The great person changes like a tiger; without divination there is trust.
The Image says: The great person changes like a tiger; his markings shine brilliantly.
The meaning of the text is: A great figure changes himself like a tiger shedding its coat; without divination, he will gain people’s trust.
The meaning of the Image says: A great figure changes himself like a tiger shedding its coat; his literary brilliance shines.
Detailed explanation of the top line of the forty-ninth hexagram of the Zhouyi
Upper Six line statement
Top Six. The junzi changes like a leopard; the petty person changes his face. Going forth is ominous; remaining in the right place is auspicious.
The Image says: The junzi changes like a leopard; his markings are luxuriant. The petty person changes his face; he follows and obeys the ruler.
Explanation in plain language
Top Six: The junzi’s spirit is invigorated, but grassroots officials and soldiers become entirely different. If this line is obtained when asking about a campaign, it is dangerous; if asking about one’s residence, it is auspicious.
The Image Commentary says: The junzi’s spirit is invigorated, showing that his bearing is clear, refined, and composed. The petty person reforms his face, showing that he abandons evil, follows goodness, and obeys the ruler.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will avoid disputes and disturbances by staying within their proper bounds. Officials who seek advancement will be promoted; those retiring will complete their service and withdraw honorably.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: It is best to preserve what has been achieved and withdraw after success.
Finances: Gain both fame and profit; contentment brings lasting joy.
Household: Living there brings peace; many requests will be answered.
Health: Rest quietly and cultivate the mind.
Upper Six changing hexagram
When the Top Six changes, it becomes Zhouyi hexagram 13: Heaven over Fire Fellowship. This hexagram consists of two different trigrams stacked together, Li below and Qian above. Qian is Heaven and the ruler; Li is fire and ministers and common people. Heaven is above and fire below; fire rises and joins Heaven. Above and below are harmonious and united, working together through hardship; human relations are harmonious and the world is united.
Philosophical meaning of the Upper Nine line
The sixth line of the Revolution hexagram, line statement: Top Six: The junzi changes like a leopard; the petty person changes his face. Going forth is ominous; remaining in the right place is auspicious. Explanation of the line statement
Leopard: a fierce animal that hides and waits for an opportunity to act; here it symbolizes strong adaptability. Going forth: acting too aggressively.
From the hexagram image, the Top Six is at the very top of the Revolution hexagram; the yielding line occupies a yielding place and is properly placed. It is also close to the Fifth Nine, indicating that the junzi follows the great trend of reform and supports the reform program.
The Image explains this line: “The junzi changes like a leopard; his markings are luxuriant. The petty person changes his face; he follows and obeys the ruler.” It points out that the junzi responds like a leopard at the first sign, follows the ruler’s command, and answers the call for reform. This means that junzi assist a virtuous great person in reform, inevitably making its achievements brilliant; petty people may find it hard to change old habits, but they too begin adapting and changing in response to reform, showing that the general trend compels even them to follow.
If you receive this line, carry the reform through thoroughly. From the initial concept to the final details, everything must be implemented. As reform deepens, resistance will increase, but you must persist to the end; eventually even those who were waiting and watching will join your ranks.
Top Six: The junzi changes like a leopard; the petty person changes his face. Going forth is ominous; remaining in the right place is auspicious.
The Image says: The junzi changes like a leopard; his markings are luxuriant.