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I Ching · 64 Hexagrams
Zhouyi, I Ching, Hexagram 58, the Dui hexagram, Dui as Marsh, Dui above Dui below
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Dui: Success; beneficial to remain steadfast.
The Tuan Commentary says: Dui means joy. The firm is centered and the yielding is outside; joy comes through steadfastness. Thus one accords with Heaven and responds to people. By bringing joy to the people first, they forget their labor; by bringing joy to them when facing difficulty, they forget death. Such is the greatness of joy—the people are encouraged indeed.
The Image says: Marshes joined together are Dui. Thus the noble person studies and practices with friends.
Hexagram 58 — original text and overview
Detailed explanation of Hexagram 58 of the Zhouyi
Original text of the Dui hexagram
Dui: Success; beneficial steadfastness.
The Image says: Marshes joined together are Dui. Thus the noble person studies and practices with friends.
Explanation in plain language
The Dui hexagram: Success. Auspicious divination for steadfastness.
The Image Commentary says: This hexagram consists of two Dui trigrams doubled. Dui is marsh; two marshes joined together, with their waters flowing into each other, form the image of Dui. The noble person observes this image, makes many friends, studies and investigates together, and broadens knowledge and experience.
Explanation from The Heavenly Mechanism of Divining Changes
The Dui hexagram has Dui above and Dui below, making it the primary hexagram of the Dui palace. Dui means joy and pleasing others, and also marshland. Water in a marsh nourishes all things, so the person inquired about will be very fortunate.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Marshes nourish all things; double joy. Harmony with the community; firmly uphold the right path.
One who obtains this hexagram will have many joyful and celebratory events and harmonious relationships, but must hold firmly to the right path; otherwise disaster will be committed.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Current fortune: Friends offer support; cherish them well.
Financial fortune: With someone’s assistance, profit is not difficult.
Household: Friends live together; marriage comes through a friend.
Health: An experienced physician can treat it.
Traditional interpretation of the hexagram
This is a same-trigram hexagram, with marsh below and marsh above. Marsh represents water. Two marshes joined together, their waters flowing into each other, harmonize above and below, producing unity, mutual help among friends, and joy. Dui means joy. It shares the virtue of firmness and vigor, embraces gentleness outwardly, firmly follows the right path, and guides the people upward.
Great Image: Two marshes depend on each other, with the moon reflected in their waters—beautiful scenery and a fine time, bringing delight.
Fortune: Joy and sorrow intermingle; there is both praise and criticism. Uphold the right path and matters will still be satisfactory.
Career: Because you excel at interpersonal relationships, you can unite others and receive assistance. Therefore, all aspects of your career proceed very smoothly. As long as you maintain the middle and right path, keep your motives pure, distinguish right from wrong, and treat people with sincere joy, your future is bright.
Business: Very favorable, with support available through many channels. But never forget the principle of caution when things are going well, especially beware of being deceived by petty people.
Seeking recognition: As long as your purpose is pure and you possess genuine talent and learning, you will certainly receive enthusiastic help and support from many sides and achieve your aim.
Marriage and love: Both parties are satisfied, and the likelihood of success is very high. But do not insist excessively on your own views.
Decision-making: You are intelligent, cheerful, flexible-minded, kind-hearted, eager to serve the public, and gifted in organization. Therefore, you can advance relatively smoothly into a leadership position. But you must uphold the middle and right principles, act impartially, never flatter superiors, and never oppress the people. Always maintain humility, especially avoid excessive self-confidence, or you may easily become surrounded by bad people.
Original text of the Dui hexagram
Dui: Success; beneficial steadfastness.
The Image says: Marshes joined together are Dui. Thus the noble person studies and practices with friends.
Explanation in plain language
The Dui hexagram: Success. Auspicious divination for steadfastness.
The Image Commentary says: This hexagram consists of two Dui trigrams doubled. Dui is marsh; two marshes joined together, with their waters flowing into each other, form the image of Dui. The noble person observes this image, makes many friends, studies and investigates together, and broadens knowledge and experience.
Explanation from The Heavenly Mechanism of Divining Changes
The Dui hexagram has Dui above and Dui below, making it the primary hexagram of the Dui palace. Dui means joy and pleasing others, and also marshland. Water in a marsh nourishes all things, so the person inquired about will be very fortunate.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Marshes nourish all things; double joy. Harmony with the community; firmly uphold the right path.
One who obtains this hexagram will have many joyful and celebratory events and harmonious relationships, but must hold firmly to the right path; otherwise disaster will be committed.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Current fortune: Friends offer support; cherish them well.
Financial fortune: With someone’s assistance, profit is not difficult.
Household: Friends live together; marriage comes through a friend.
Health: An experienced physician can treat it.
Traditional interpretation of the hexagram
This is a same-trigram hexagram, with marsh below and marsh above. Marsh represents water. Two marshes joined together, their waters flowing into each other, harmonize above and below, producing unity, mutual help among friends, and joy. Dui means joy. It shares the virtue of firmness and vigor, embraces gentleness outwardly, firmly follows the right path, and guides the people upward.
Great Image: Two marshes depend on each other, with the moon reflected in their waters—beautiful scenery and a fine time, bringing delight.
Fortune: Joy and sorrow intermingle; there is both praise and criticism. Uphold the right path and matters will still be satisfactory.
Career: Because you excel at interpersonal relationships, you can unite others and receive assistance. Therefore, all aspects of your career proceed very smoothly. As long as you maintain the middle and right path, keep your motives pure, distinguish right from wrong, and treat people with sincere joy, your future is bright.
Business: Very favorable, with support available through many channels. But never forget the principle of caution when things are going well, especially beware of being deceived by petty people.
Seeking recognition: As long as your purpose is pure and you possess genuine talent and learning, you will certainly receive enthusiastic help and support from many sides and achieve your aim.
Marriage and love: Both parties are satisfied, and the likelihood of success is very high. But do not insist excessively on your own views.
Decision-making: You are intelligent, cheerful, flexible-minded, kind-hearted, eager to serve the public, and gifted in organization. Therefore, you can advance relatively smoothly into a leadership position. But you must uphold the middle and right principles, act impartially, never flatter superiors, and never oppress the people. Always maintain humility, especially avoid excessive self-confidence, or you may easily become surrounded by bad people.
Hexagram 58 — line-by-line explanation
Detailed explanation of the first-nine line of Hexagram 58 of the Zhouyi
Statement of the First Nine line
Nine at the beginning: Harmonious joy. Auspicious.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of harmonious joy comes from acting without suspicion.
Explanation in plain language
Nine at the beginning: Harmony and joy. Auspicious.
The Image Commentary says: Harmony and joy are auspicious because there is no suspicion in human relations or relations between states.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: One who obtains this line enjoys harmonious human relationships, and all plans succeed.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Current fortune: Harmony is most precious; all matters are auspicious.
Financial fortune: Autumn harvests can be gathered; naturally favorable.
Household: Joy and harmony fill the home; the household is well suited.
Health: Set your mind at ease and have no worries.
Transformation of the First Nine line
!["周易第58卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_58_1.png)
When the first line changes, it becomes Hexagram 47 of the Zhouyi: Marsh over Water, Exhaustion. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Kan below and Dui above. Dui is yin and marsh, signifying joy; Kan is yang and water, signifying danger. Marsh over water means being trapped in difficulty, with talents and intelligence hard to apply. Yet by holding firmly to the right path and finding joy within oneself, one can certainly accomplish matters and escape the predicament.
Philosophical meaning of the First Nine line
The first line of the Dui hexagram; line statement: Nine at the beginning: Harmonious joy. Auspicious. Interpretation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Treating people with a peaceful and joyful attitude brings good fortune.
From the hexagram image, the yang line at the beginning occupies a firm position, holds its proper place, maintains correctness, and shows an inclination to act. It is in the lower trigram, Dui, which represents the mouth and joy. The upper trigram is also Dui, creating a situation in which the upper and lower parts echo one another. This symbolizes the initial nine taking the initiative to communicate with those above in a pleasant and amiable manner, while those above respond in kind. Therefore, it is very auspicious.
The Image Commentary analyzes this line as follows: “The auspiciousness of harmony and joy lies in acting without suspicion.” This indicates that treating people with a peaceful and joyful attitude brings good fortune because one’s conduct is honest and upright and arouses no suspicion.
Those who obtain this line occupy a low position and have little status, so they should take the initiative to associate with others. However, take care not to flatter those above; interact sincerely with people without seeking anything from them. In particular, when meeting someone for the first time, appear warm, generous, and appropriate. Do not leave the impression of currying favor or having ulterior motives; then future relations will be relaxed and pleasant.
Initial Nine: Harmony and joy. Auspicious.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of harmonious joy comes from acting without suspicion.
Detailed explanation of the second line, Nine in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Second Nine line
Nine in the second place: Trusting joy. Auspicious; regret disappears.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of trusting joy lies in sincerity of purpose.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the second place: Treating captives generously is auspicious; there is no regret.
The Image Commentary says: Treating people with sincerity causes them to respond warmly; it is auspicious because mutual trust has arisen.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: Those who obtain this line are enjoying good fortune, and everything proceeds harmoniously. For an official, it indicates promotion.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: When those above and below are of one mind, good fortune naturally follows.
Wealth: Make trust the foundation; prosperity can endure and extend far.
Home: Become prosperous together with neighbors; yin and yang unite.
Health: A suspected illness is resolved.
Transformation of the Second Nine line
!["周易第58卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_58_2.png)
When the second line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 17 of the Zhouyi: Following, Thunder over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Zhen below and Dui above. Zhen is thunder and movement; Dui is joy. Movement accompanied by joy is “following.” Following means mutual compliance: oneself follows things, things can follow oneself, and the two sides communicate. Following must accord with time and circumstances, with principles and conditions, and take steadfastness as its premise.
Philosophical meaning of the Second Nine line
Second line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Nine in the second place: Trusting joy. Auspicious; regret disappears. Explanation of the line statement
Trust: being honest and reliable, and engaging with others sincerely.
The meaning of this line statement is: Sincere and joyful, auspicious; regret disappears.
From the hexagram image, the Nine in the second place is a yang line in a firm position. Although it is improperly placed, it possesses the virtue of combining firmness and gentleness, showing a disposition that is vigorous yet able to exercise compassion and maintain the middle way. The Image Commentary explains this line: “The auspiciousness of trusting joy” is due to sincerity of purpose. It points out that being sincere at heart and harmonious with others brings good fortune, showing that an honest and solid intention can produce good results.
You have gained a sincere friend or found love; this is highly auspicious. You may enjoy this happiness without anything to regret.
Nine in the second place: Trusting joy. Auspicious; regret disappears.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of trusting joy lies in sincerity of purpose.
The classical text means: Sincere and joyful, auspicious; there is no regret.
The Image Commentary means: The auspiciousness of sincerity and joy is due to sincerity of purpose.
Detailed explanation of the third line, Six, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the third place line statement
Six in the third place: Seeking joy. Misfortune.
The Image says: The misfortune of seeking joy comes from being improperly placed.
Explanation in plain language
Six in the third place: Taking pleasure in making people submit contains danger.
The Image Commentary says: Taking pleasure in making people submit contains danger because one’s strength is small but one’s responsibilities are great, one’s virtue is shallow but one’s desires are many, so one’s actions are bound to be improper.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who obtain this line may suffer unexpected calamity; in severe cases they lose the way and forget themselves. For an official, there is worry about being humiliated after believing slander.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Running about seeking advancement; even if successful, it brings humiliation.
Wealth: A merchant without trustworthiness has an uncertain future.
Home: Remove falsehood and preserve sincerity; first unite, then separate.
Health: Beware of harm from outside.
Six in the third place changing hexagram
!["周易第58卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_58_3.png)
When the third line, Six, changes, it becomes hexagram 43 of the Zhouyi: Resolving, Lake over Heaven. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Qian below and Dui above. Qian is heaven and vigor; Dui is lake and joy. The vapor of the lake rises, condenses into rain, and the rain nourishes all things on earth. Five yang lines remove one yin line; removing it is not difficult—one simply decides to do so—hence the name Resolving, which means deciding or cutting off.
The philosophical meaning of the line of Nine in the third place
Third line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Six in the second place: Seeking joy. Misfortune. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Coming to seek pleasure is dangerous.
From the hexagram image, the Six in the third place is a yin line in a firm position, improperly placed and neither central nor correct. It is also between two yang lines, signifying indiscriminate compliance with those above and below, with a suspicion of servile flattery.
The Image Commentary explains this line: “The misfortune of seeking joy” comes from being improperly placed. It points out that coming to seek pleasure is dangerous because one occupies a position that is neither central nor correct.
Those who obtain this line may lack self-control and actively seek pleasure. Because they choose the wrong time or the wrong person, the result is dangerous. Alternatively, you may have some status and reputation, while petty people come to flatter you. If you listen to their pleasing and flattering words, the outcome will be very dangerous.
Six in the third place: Seeking joy. Misfortune.
The Image says: The misfortune of seeking joy comes from being improperly placed.
The classical text means: Coming to seek joy is dangerous.
The Image Commentary means: The danger of seeking joy comes from failing to put oneself in the proper position.
Detailed explanation of the fourth line, Nine, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fourth Nine line
Nine in the fourth place: Deliberating about joy, not yet at peace; removing the affliction brings happiness.
The Image says: The happiness of the Nine in the fourth place signifies celebration.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the fourth place: Negotiations to restore diplomatic relations have begun, but an agreement has not yet been reached; nevertheless, the conflicts and differences between the two countries are showing signs of healing.
The Image Commentary says: The happiness mentioned in the line statement of the Nine in the fourth place refers to an upcoming celebration.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who obtain this line may profit from commerce or add a member to the household; an unhealthy person may fall ill, and plans may fail. An official will occupy an important position and may be promoted.
Taiwanese Confucian scholar Fu Pei-rong explains the line statement of the Nine in the fifth place
Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger.
The Image says: Trusting in stripping away is appropriate to the position.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the fifth place: Captured by the stripping state. The stripping state provokes without justification and must be punished; from our side, a bad matter will turn into a good one.
The Image Commentary says: When being stripped and invaded, one still treats others with sincerity. Like the yang line in the fifth place, one follows the central and upright way and can surely turn danger into safety.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who obtain this line have poor fortune and many unexpected calamities. An official will be slandered by petty people.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Be mindful of danger while secure; you will often prosper.
Wealth: There may be a small loss, but confidence remains.
Home: Sincerity comes first.
Health: There is a skin ailment; prompt treatment can cure it.
Transformation of the Fifth Nine line
!["周易第58卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_58_5.png)
When the fifth line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 54 of the Zhouyi: Marrying Maiden, Thunder over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Zhen above. Zhen is movement and the eldest son; Dui is joy and the young daughter. When a young daughter follows the eldest son, affection arises, marriage is initiated, and it symbolizes giving a daughter in marriage; hence it is called Marrying Maiden.
Timing and fortune: Perseverance will bring success; consider carefully when to act and when to stop.
Wealth: Discuss and resolve the matters causing worry.
Home: Many illnesses and unrest; after repeated matchmaking, a marriage is achieved.
Health: The mind and spirit are uneasy; a happy event brings relief.
Transformation of the Fourth Nine line
!["周易第58卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_58_4.png)
When the fourth line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 60 of the Zhouyi: Limitation, Water over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Kan above. Dui is lake and Kan is water. A lake has a limited capacity for water; too much will overflow beyond it. Therefore there must be moderation, hence the name Limitation. The Limitation and Dispersion hexagrams are opposites and form complementary paired hexagrams. Heaven and earth remain ever-new through limitation, a country remains secure through limitation, and an individual becomes complete through limitation.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fourth place line
Fourth line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Nine in the fourth place: Deliberating about joy, not yet at peace; removing the affliction brings happiness. Explanation of the line statement
Deliberate: to weigh and consider, indicating an unsettled mind. Affliction: danger.
The meaning of this line statement is: Repeatedly consider the harm of becoming too close to others; your mind is unsettled, and only by eliminating danger and evil will a happy result arise.
From the hexagram image, the Nine in the fourth place is a yang line in a yin position. Though a strong yang minister, it occupies an improper position. It is at odds with the ruler in the fifth place but becomes very close to the Six in the third place. Yet the Six in the third place is a yin, sinister petty person skilled at flattering those above; becoming too close to it will bring the ruler’s reproach. After repeated deliberation, the Nine in the fourth place, though it enjoys the Six’s flattery, draws a clear boundary, removes the danger, and ultimately receives good fortune and celebration.
The Image Commentary explains this line: “The happiness of the Nine in the fourth place signifies celebration.” It points out that the Nine in the fourth place can reject temptation and resolutely maintain what is right; therefore good omens arise and the matter deserves celebration.
Nine in the fourth place: Deliberating about joy, not yet at peace; removing the affliction brings happiness.
The Image says: The happiness of the Nine in the fourth place signifies celebration.
Detailed explanation of the fifth line, Nine, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fifth Nine line
Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger.
The Image says: Trusting in stripping away is appropriate to the position.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the fifth place: Captured by the stripping state. The stripping state provokes without justification and must be punished; from our side, a bad matter will turn into a good one.
The Image Commentary says: When being stripped and invaded, one still treats others with sincerity. Like the yang line in the fifth place, one follows the central and upright way and can surely turn danger into safety.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who obtain this line have poor fortune and many unexpected calamities. An official will be slandered by petty people.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Be mindful of danger while secure; you will often prosper.
Wealth: There may be a small loss, but confidence remains.
Home: Sincerity comes first.
Health: There is a skin ailment; prompt treatment can cure it.
Transformation of the Fifth Nine line
When the fifth line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 54 of the Zhouyi: Marrying Maiden, Thunder over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Zhen above. Zhen is movement and the eldest son; Dui is joy and the young daughter. When a young daughter follows the eldest son, affection arises, marriage is initiated, and it symbolizes giving a daughter in marriage; hence it is called Marrying Maiden.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fifth place line
Fifth line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger. Explanation of the line statement
Trust: sincerity. Stripping away: the way of petty people grows while the way of noble people declines, with yin stripping yang.
The meaning of this line statement is: Being absorbed in the glib words and pleasing appearance of petty people strips away honesty and trustworthiness, and danger is certain.
From the hexagram image, the Nine in the fifth place is a yang line in the ruler’s position, holding the middle and being properly placed. However, it is opposed to the close minister in the fourth place and instead favors the Upper Six. This means the ruler is absorbed in music and sensual pleasure, refuses the loyal advice of strong and noble people, and listens to the extreme yin petty person; therefore danger arises.
The Image Commentary explains this line: “Trusting in stripping away” is appropriate to the position! It points out that being absorbed in the glib words and pleasing appearance of petty people is regrettable precisely because one occupies a proper and honorable position.
Those who obtain this line should examine their recent conduct. If you indiscriminately seek sensual gratification, become absorbed in eating, drinking, and entertainment, or trust people you do not understand, you will pay a painful price.
Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger.
The Image says: Trusting in stripping away is appropriate to the position.
Detailed explanation of the top line, Six, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Upper Six line statement
Six at the top: Leading joy.
The Image says: The Upper Six leads joy, but it is not yet radiant.
Explanation in plain language
Six at the top: Guiding everyone to live in harmony.
The Image Commentary says: The line statement of the Upper Six speaks of guiding everyone to live in harmony. Although the intention is good, the Upper Six is a yin line at the end of the hexagram, so the person may not be able to command universal response.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who obtain this line will find their plans going poorly and should guard against worry.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Relying on others’ support; an ordinary fortune.
Wealth: With someone to guide you, there will be a small profit.
Home: Troubles within and dangers without; it seems not to be a proper engagement.
Health: Resolve internal malignancy before safety can be preserved.
Upper Six changing hexagram
!["周易第58卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_58_6.png)
When the top line, Six, changes, it becomes hexagram 10 of the Zhouyi: Treading, Heaven over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Qian above. Qian is heaven and Dui is lake; heaven represents the ruler and the lake the people. The original text says, “Treading on the tiger’s tail; it does not bite the person.” Therefore, the result is auspicious. The ruler is above and the people below, each in the proper place. The yielding Dui encounters the firm Qian, so the path is dangerous. Treading means putting principles into practice; the hexagram’s meaning is to advance steadily with one’s feet on the ground.
Philosophical meaning of the Upper Nine line
Sixth line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Six at the top: Leading joy. Explanation of the line statement
Lead: to entice or tempt.
The meaning of this line statement is: Enticing others to share pleasure with oneself.
From the hexagram image, the Upper Six is a yin line in a yielding position, properly placed at the top of the Dui hexagram, and possesses highly skillful means of pleasing others. It has close relationships with both the Nine in the fourth place and the Nine in the fifth place, meaning it tries to please them and lure them into enjoying amusement together. However, the Nine in the fifth place holds the middle and maintains correctness, without deviating from its position; and because the Nine in the fourth place is separated by the Nine in the fifth place, it too is not lured over.
The Image Commentary analyzes this line: The Upper Six “leads joy,” but it is not yet radiant. It points out that enticing others to share pleasure is not an open and upright virtue but a deviation from proper morality; this so-called joy will lead to danger.
Those who obtain this line may spend all day thinking about eating, drinking, and entertainment and try to bring their leader and the leader’s assistant along for pleasure. Although the leader also likes such things, the leader refuses for the sake of work and reputation and does not allow the assistant to participate either. If this is the situation, you should examine yourself: such indulgence is harmful, and it is time to do some proper work.
Those who obtain this line may have long liked someone and wish to express their feelings, but have never been able to do so or have been rejected. You are then extremely confused, but do not give up; try to maintain the present close relationship as much as possible.
Six at the top: Leading joy.
The Image says: The Upper Six leads joy, but it is not yet luminous.
Statement of the First Nine line
Nine at the beginning: Harmonious joy. Auspicious.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of harmonious joy comes from acting without suspicion.
Explanation in plain language
Nine at the beginning: Harmony and joy. Auspicious.
The Image Commentary says: Harmony and joy are auspicious because there is no suspicion in human relations or relations between states.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: One who obtains this line enjoys harmonious human relationships, and all plans succeed.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Current fortune: Harmony is most precious; all matters are auspicious.
Financial fortune: Autumn harvests can be gathered; naturally favorable.
Household: Joy and harmony fill the home; the household is well suited.
Health: Set your mind at ease and have no worries.
Transformation of the First Nine line
When the first line changes, it becomes Hexagram 47 of the Zhouyi: Marsh over Water, Exhaustion. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Kan below and Dui above. Dui is yin and marsh, signifying joy; Kan is yang and water, signifying danger. Marsh over water means being trapped in difficulty, with talents and intelligence hard to apply. Yet by holding firmly to the right path and finding joy within oneself, one can certainly accomplish matters and escape the predicament.
Philosophical meaning of the First Nine line
The first line of the Dui hexagram; line statement: Nine at the beginning: Harmonious joy. Auspicious. Interpretation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Treating people with a peaceful and joyful attitude brings good fortune.
From the hexagram image, the yang line at the beginning occupies a firm position, holds its proper place, maintains correctness, and shows an inclination to act. It is in the lower trigram, Dui, which represents the mouth and joy. The upper trigram is also Dui, creating a situation in which the upper and lower parts echo one another. This symbolizes the initial nine taking the initiative to communicate with those above in a pleasant and amiable manner, while those above respond in kind. Therefore, it is very auspicious.
The Image Commentary analyzes this line as follows: “The auspiciousness of harmony and joy lies in acting without suspicion.” This indicates that treating people with a peaceful and joyful attitude brings good fortune because one’s conduct is honest and upright and arouses no suspicion.
Those who obtain this line occupy a low position and have little status, so they should take the initiative to associate with others. However, take care not to flatter those above; interact sincerely with people without seeking anything from them. In particular, when meeting someone for the first time, appear warm, generous, and appropriate. Do not leave the impression of currying favor or having ulterior motives; then future relations will be relaxed and pleasant.
Initial Nine: Harmony and joy. Auspicious.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of harmonious joy comes from acting without suspicion.
Detailed explanation of the second line, Nine in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Second Nine line
Nine in the second place: Trusting joy. Auspicious; regret disappears.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of trusting joy lies in sincerity of purpose.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the second place: Treating captives generously is auspicious; there is no regret.
The Image Commentary says: Treating people with sincerity causes them to respond warmly; it is auspicious because mutual trust has arisen.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: Those who obtain this line are enjoying good fortune, and everything proceeds harmoniously. For an official, it indicates promotion.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: When those above and below are of one mind, good fortune naturally follows.
Wealth: Make trust the foundation; prosperity can endure and extend far.
Home: Become prosperous together with neighbors; yin and yang unite.
Health: A suspected illness is resolved.
Transformation of the Second Nine line
When the second line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 17 of the Zhouyi: Following, Thunder over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Zhen below and Dui above. Zhen is thunder and movement; Dui is joy. Movement accompanied by joy is “following.” Following means mutual compliance: oneself follows things, things can follow oneself, and the two sides communicate. Following must accord with time and circumstances, with principles and conditions, and take steadfastness as its premise.
Philosophical meaning of the Second Nine line
Second line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Nine in the second place: Trusting joy. Auspicious; regret disappears. Explanation of the line statement
Trust: being honest and reliable, and engaging with others sincerely.
The meaning of this line statement is: Sincere and joyful, auspicious; regret disappears.
From the hexagram image, the Nine in the second place is a yang line in a firm position. Although it is improperly placed, it possesses the virtue of combining firmness and gentleness, showing a disposition that is vigorous yet able to exercise compassion and maintain the middle way. The Image Commentary explains this line: “The auspiciousness of trusting joy” is due to sincerity of purpose. It points out that being sincere at heart and harmonious with others brings good fortune, showing that an honest and solid intention can produce good results.
You have gained a sincere friend or found love; this is highly auspicious. You may enjoy this happiness without anything to regret.
Nine in the second place: Trusting joy. Auspicious; regret disappears.
The Image says: The auspiciousness of trusting joy lies in sincerity of purpose.
The classical text means: Sincere and joyful, auspicious; there is no regret.
The Image Commentary means: The auspiciousness of sincerity and joy is due to sincerity of purpose.
Detailed explanation of the third line, Six, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the third place line statement
Six in the third place: Seeking joy. Misfortune.
The Image says: The misfortune of seeking joy comes from being improperly placed.
Explanation in plain language
Six in the third place: Taking pleasure in making people submit contains danger.
The Image Commentary says: Taking pleasure in making people submit contains danger because one’s strength is small but one’s responsibilities are great, one’s virtue is shallow but one’s desires are many, so one’s actions are bound to be improper.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who obtain this line may suffer unexpected calamity; in severe cases they lose the way and forget themselves. For an official, there is worry about being humiliated after believing slander.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Running about seeking advancement; even if successful, it brings humiliation.
Wealth: A merchant without trustworthiness has an uncertain future.
Home: Remove falsehood and preserve sincerity; first unite, then separate.
Health: Beware of harm from outside.
Six in the third place changing hexagram
When the third line, Six, changes, it becomes hexagram 43 of the Zhouyi: Resolving, Lake over Heaven. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Qian below and Dui above. Qian is heaven and vigor; Dui is lake and joy. The vapor of the lake rises, condenses into rain, and the rain nourishes all things on earth. Five yang lines remove one yin line; removing it is not difficult—one simply decides to do so—hence the name Resolving, which means deciding or cutting off.
The philosophical meaning of the line of Nine in the third place
Third line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Six in the second place: Seeking joy. Misfortune. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Coming to seek pleasure is dangerous.
From the hexagram image, the Six in the third place is a yin line in a firm position, improperly placed and neither central nor correct. It is also between two yang lines, signifying indiscriminate compliance with those above and below, with a suspicion of servile flattery.
The Image Commentary explains this line: “The misfortune of seeking joy” comes from being improperly placed. It points out that coming to seek pleasure is dangerous because one occupies a position that is neither central nor correct.
Those who obtain this line may lack self-control and actively seek pleasure. Because they choose the wrong time or the wrong person, the result is dangerous. Alternatively, you may have some status and reputation, while petty people come to flatter you. If you listen to their pleasing and flattering words, the outcome will be very dangerous.
Six in the third place: Seeking joy. Misfortune.
The Image says: The misfortune of seeking joy comes from being improperly placed.
The classical text means: Coming to seek joy is dangerous.
The Image Commentary means: The danger of seeking joy comes from failing to put oneself in the proper position.
Detailed explanation of the fourth line, Nine, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fourth Nine line
Nine in the fourth place: Deliberating about joy, not yet at peace; removing the affliction brings happiness.
The Image says: The happiness of the Nine in the fourth place signifies celebration.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the fourth place: Negotiations to restore diplomatic relations have begun, but an agreement has not yet been reached; nevertheless, the conflicts and differences between the two countries are showing signs of healing.
The Image Commentary says: The happiness mentioned in the line statement of the Nine in the fourth place refers to an upcoming celebration.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who obtain this line may profit from commerce or add a member to the household; an unhealthy person may fall ill, and plans may fail. An official will occupy an important position and may be promoted.
Taiwanese Confucian scholar Fu Pei-rong explains the line statement of the Nine in the fifth place
Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger.
The Image says: Trusting in stripping away is appropriate to the position.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the fifth place: Captured by the stripping state. The stripping state provokes without justification and must be punished; from our side, a bad matter will turn into a good one.
The Image Commentary says: When being stripped and invaded, one still treats others with sincerity. Like the yang line in the fifth place, one follows the central and upright way and can surely turn danger into safety.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who obtain this line have poor fortune and many unexpected calamities. An official will be slandered by petty people.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Be mindful of danger while secure; you will often prosper.
Wealth: There may be a small loss, but confidence remains.
Home: Sincerity comes first.
Health: There is a skin ailment; prompt treatment can cure it.
Transformation of the Fifth Nine line
When the fifth line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 54 of the Zhouyi: Marrying Maiden, Thunder over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Zhen above. Zhen is movement and the eldest son; Dui is joy and the young daughter. When a young daughter follows the eldest son, affection arises, marriage is initiated, and it symbolizes giving a daughter in marriage; hence it is called Marrying Maiden.
Timing and fortune: Perseverance will bring success; consider carefully when to act and when to stop.
Wealth: Discuss and resolve the matters causing worry.
Home: Many illnesses and unrest; after repeated matchmaking, a marriage is achieved.
Health: The mind and spirit are uneasy; a happy event brings relief.
Transformation of the Fourth Nine line
When the fourth line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 60 of the Zhouyi: Limitation, Water over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Kan above. Dui is lake and Kan is water. A lake has a limited capacity for water; too much will overflow beyond it. Therefore there must be moderation, hence the name Limitation. The Limitation and Dispersion hexagrams are opposites and form complementary paired hexagrams. Heaven and earth remain ever-new through limitation, a country remains secure through limitation, and an individual becomes complete through limitation.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fourth place line
Fourth line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Nine in the fourth place: Deliberating about joy, not yet at peace; removing the affliction brings happiness. Explanation of the line statement
Deliberate: to weigh and consider, indicating an unsettled mind. Affliction: danger.
The meaning of this line statement is: Repeatedly consider the harm of becoming too close to others; your mind is unsettled, and only by eliminating danger and evil will a happy result arise.
From the hexagram image, the Nine in the fourth place is a yang line in a yin position. Though a strong yang minister, it occupies an improper position. It is at odds with the ruler in the fifth place but becomes very close to the Six in the third place. Yet the Six in the third place is a yin, sinister petty person skilled at flattering those above; becoming too close to it will bring the ruler’s reproach. After repeated deliberation, the Nine in the fourth place, though it enjoys the Six’s flattery, draws a clear boundary, removes the danger, and ultimately receives good fortune and celebration.
The Image Commentary explains this line: “The happiness of the Nine in the fourth place signifies celebration.” It points out that the Nine in the fourth place can reject temptation and resolutely maintain what is right; therefore good omens arise and the matter deserves celebration.
Nine in the fourth place: Deliberating about joy, not yet at peace; removing the affliction brings happiness.
The Image says: The happiness of the Nine in the fourth place signifies celebration.
Detailed explanation of the fifth line, Nine, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Fifth Nine line
Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger.
The Image says: Trusting in stripping away is appropriate to the position.
Explanation in plain language
Nine in the fifth place: Captured by the stripping state. The stripping state provokes without justification and must be punished; from our side, a bad matter will turn into a good one.
The Image Commentary says: When being stripped and invaded, one still treats others with sincerity. Like the yang line in the fifth place, one follows the central and upright way and can surely turn danger into safety.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Misfortune: Those who obtain this line have poor fortune and many unexpected calamities. An official will be slandered by petty people.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Be mindful of danger while secure; you will often prosper.
Wealth: There may be a small loss, but confidence remains.
Home: Sincerity comes first.
Health: There is a skin ailment; prompt treatment can cure it.
Transformation of the Fifth Nine line
When the fifth line, Nine, changes, it becomes hexagram 54 of the Zhouyi: Marrying Maiden, Thunder over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Zhen above. Zhen is movement and the eldest son; Dui is joy and the young daughter. When a young daughter follows the eldest son, affection arises, marriage is initiated, and it symbolizes giving a daughter in marriage; hence it is called Marrying Maiden.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fifth place line
Fifth line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger. Explanation of the line statement
Trust: sincerity. Stripping away: the way of petty people grows while the way of noble people declines, with yin stripping yang.
The meaning of this line statement is: Being absorbed in the glib words and pleasing appearance of petty people strips away honesty and trustworthiness, and danger is certain.
From the hexagram image, the Nine in the fifth place is a yang line in the ruler’s position, holding the middle and being properly placed. However, it is opposed to the close minister in the fourth place and instead favors the Upper Six. This means the ruler is absorbed in music and sensual pleasure, refuses the loyal advice of strong and noble people, and listens to the extreme yin petty person; therefore danger arises.
The Image Commentary explains this line: “Trusting in stripping away” is appropriate to the position! It points out that being absorbed in the glib words and pleasing appearance of petty people is regrettable precisely because one occupies a proper and honorable position.
Those who obtain this line should examine their recent conduct. If you indiscriminately seek sensual gratification, become absorbed in eating, drinking, and entertainment, or trust people you do not understand, you will pay a painful price.
Nine in the fifth place: Trusting in stripping away brings danger.
The Image says: Trusting in stripping away is appropriate to the position.
Detailed explanation of the top line, Six, in the 58th hexagram of the Zhouyi
Upper Six line statement
Six at the top: Leading joy.
The Image says: The Upper Six leads joy, but it is not yet radiant.
Explanation in plain language
Six at the top: Guiding everyone to live in harmony.
The Image Commentary says: The line statement of the Upper Six speaks of guiding everyone to live in harmony. Although the intention is good, the Upper Six is a yin line at the end of the hexagram, so the person may not be able to command universal response.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who obtain this line will find their plans going poorly and should guard against worry.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Timing and fortune: Relying on others’ support; an ordinary fortune.
Wealth: With someone to guide you, there will be a small profit.
Home: Troubles within and dangers without; it seems not to be a proper engagement.
Health: Resolve internal malignancy before safety can be preserved.
Upper Six changing hexagram
When the top line, Six, changes, it becomes hexagram 10 of the Zhouyi: Treading, Heaven over Lake. This is a contrasting hexagram, with Dui below and Qian above. Qian is heaven and Dui is lake; heaven represents the ruler and the lake the people. The original text says, “Treading on the tiger’s tail; it does not bite the person.” Therefore, the result is auspicious. The ruler is above and the people below, each in the proper place. The yielding Dui encounters the firm Qian, so the path is dangerous. Treading means putting principles into practice; the hexagram’s meaning is to advance steadily with one’s feet on the ground.
Philosophical meaning of the Upper Nine line
Sixth line of the Dui hexagram, line statement: Six at the top: Leading joy. Explanation of the line statement
Lead: to entice or tempt.
The meaning of this line statement is: Enticing others to share pleasure with oneself.
From the hexagram image, the Upper Six is a yin line in a yielding position, properly placed at the top of the Dui hexagram, and possesses highly skillful means of pleasing others. It has close relationships with both the Nine in the fourth place and the Nine in the fifth place, meaning it tries to please them and lure them into enjoying amusement together. However, the Nine in the fifth place holds the middle and maintains correctness, without deviating from its position; and because the Nine in the fourth place is separated by the Nine in the fifth place, it too is not lured over.
The Image Commentary analyzes this line: The Upper Six “leads joy,” but it is not yet radiant. It points out that enticing others to share pleasure is not an open and upright virtue but a deviation from proper morality; this so-called joy will lead to danger.
Those who obtain this line may spend all day thinking about eating, drinking, and entertainment and try to bring their leader and the leader’s assistant along for pleasure. Although the leader also likes such things, the leader refuses for the sake of work and reputation and does not allow the assistant to participate either. If this is the situation, you should examine yourself: such indulgence is harmful, and it is time to do some proper work.
Those who obtain this line may have long liked someone and wish to express their feelings, but have never been able to do so or have been rejected. You are then extremely confused, but do not give up; try to maintain the present close relationship as much as possible.
Six at the top: Leading joy.
The Image says: The Upper Six leads joy, but it is not yet luminous.