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I Ching · 64 Hexagrams
Zhouyi I Ching, Hexagram 41, Decrease, Mountain over Lake, Gen above Dui below
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Decrease: There is sincerity, supreme good fortune, no blame, and it can be maintained through perseverance. It is favorable to have somewhere to go. What should be used? Two baskets are sufficient for the offering.
The Tuan Commentary says: Decrease means decreasing what is below and augmenting what is above; its way moves upward. Decrease with sincerity brings supreme good fortune, no blame, and perseverance is possible. It is favorable to proceed. What should be used? Two baskets are sufficient for the offering. Two baskets should be used at the proper time; decreasing strength and augmenting yieldingness also has its proper time. Decrease and increase, fullness and emptiness, move together with the times.
The Image says: A lake beneath a mountain—Decrease. Thus the superior person restrains anger and curbs desire.
Hexagram 41 — original text and overview
Detailed explanation of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Original text of the Decrease hexagram
Decrease. There is sincerity, supreme good fortune, no blame, and it can be maintained through perseverance. It is favorable to have somewhere to go. What should be used? Two baskets are sufficient for the offering.
The Image says: A lake beneath a mountain—Decrease. Thus the superior person restrains anger and curbs desire.
Explanation in plain language
Decrease: If this hexagram is received in divination, there will be something to capture, bringing great good fortune and no disaster; it is an auspicious consultation. Moreover, what you undertake will bring profit. Someone will send two bowls of food, allowing you to enjoy a feast.
The Image says: The upper trigram is Gen, which is mountain; the lower trigram is Dui, which is lake. Thus a lake beneath a mountain is the image of Decrease. The superior person observes this image and takes the erosion of the mountain's foot by lake water as a warning, thereby restraining anger and blocking greed.
Explanation from The Heavenly Mechanism of Divining Changes
The Decrease hexagram has Gen above Dui below and is the third-generation hexagram of the Gen palace. Decrease symbolizes gain and loss, and reduction; it is an omen of reducing oneself and generally indicates inauspiciousness, but as long as sincerity is maintained, it will be favorable.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Decrease what is below and augment what is above; decrease fullness and augment emptiness. First difficult, then easy; live within your means.
Those who receive this hexagram should reduce themselves to benefit others. Although things may not go smoothly at first, what you give will eventually be repaid; it is an image of gaining blessing through misfortune.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Only with a calm and even temper can there be development.
Wealth: Harmony generates wealth; reduce yourself to benefit others.
Home: Choose level ground; husband and wife should each fulfill their proper roles.
Health: Cultivate your character and nature.
Traditional interpretation of the hexagram
This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams stacked together, Dui below and Gen above. Gen is mountain; Dui is lake. A lake above and a mountain below? Actually, with the mountain above and the lake below, the great lake erodes the mountain's roots. Gain and loss alternate; within decrease there is increase, and within increase there is decrease. The two must be treated with great caution. Decreasing what is below to benefit what is above, in governing a country, will damage the national foundation if taken too far. When something should be reduced, reduce it, but always according to one's strength and in moderation. The best is a small reduction that produces benefit.
Great Image: The mountain is high and the water deep; each finds its proper place. It is an image of gaining through loss.
Fortune: Nothing is going smoothly at present, and there is a sign of financial loss. Although there is an initial loss, gain will follow; misfortune turns into blessing.
Career: Developing a career requires investment. How much to invest should be carefully calculated in advance, striving for an appropriate balance between gains and losses. Everything should be done with moderation; fraud and greed must be avoided. In worldly affairs, mastering oneself is the hardest task. One must strictly demand much of oneself, work diligently, use flexible methods, and strive for career success.
Business: Investigate market conditions comprehensively and calculate the ratio of investment to returns. There is no need to be overly concerned with the size of the profit; making a profit is enough. Cooperate sincerely with others and trust one another. Be flexible in your methods, and do not isolate yourself.
Seeking recognition: To grow and advance, you must make an investment and put it into practice. Increase benefit through reduction and achieve your ideals.
Romance and marriage: Weigh the other person's strengths and weaknesses comprehensively, looking at the bigger picture.
Decision-making: You are intelligent and good at weighing advantages and disadvantages. Follow the natural laws of development, actively cooperate with others, take pleasure in helping people, invest in moderation, and support others, while you yourself should prefer frugality to extravagance. In this way, everything can proceed very smoothly.
The philosophical meaning of the Forty-First Hexagram
The image of Decrease and the symbolic meaning of Mountain over Lake, Decrease
The Decrease hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams stacked together. The upper trigram is Gen and the lower trigram is Dui; Gen is mountain and Dui is lake. With Dui below and Gen above, there is a lake beneath a mountain. Lake water seeps upward from below, nourishing all things growing on the mountain, but thereby causing the lake water to decrease. Therefore, this hexagram with Dui below and Gen above is named Decrease, meaning reduction.
From another perspective, Gen above and Dui below—mountain above and lake below—means the great lake erodes the mountain's roots. Decreasing what is below to benefit what is above, in governing a country, will damage the national foundation if excessive. Reduce what should be reduced, but always according to one's strength and in moderation. Small reduction with benefit is best. The Decrease hexagram symbolizes alternating loss and gain, with benefit within loss and loss within benefit. The relationship between the two must be treated with caution.
Hexagram Sun follows Hexagram Jie. The Sequence of the Hexagrams explains it this way: “When relaxation goes too far, there will inevitably be loss; therefore Hexagram Sun follows it.” After Hexagram Jie has eased difficulties, slackening off will inevitably cause losses, so Hexagram Sun appears next.
The Image explains this hexagram: A lake beneath a mountain—Decrease. Thus the superior person restrains anger and curbs desire. This indicates that the image of Decrease is Dui (lake) below and Gen (mountain) above, presenting a lake beneath a mountain. The lake diminishes itself by nourishing all things on the mountain; this is the meaning of Decrease. Following the philosophy contained in this phenomenon, the superior person should restrain a wild, violent temper, eliminate selfish desires, and do more things beneficial to everyone.
The Decrease hexagram symbolizes reduction and is a lower-lower hexagram. The Image judges it this way: When the time comes to act, it does not arrive, causing much worry; it is like pushing a cart and suffering, with a rugged mountain road and the cart hanging down; whatever one tries to insert or press on the right, it does not fit.
Original text of the Decrease hexagram
Decrease. There is sincerity, supreme good fortune, no blame, and it can be maintained through perseverance. It is favorable to have somewhere to go. What should be used? Two baskets are sufficient for the offering.
The Image says: A lake beneath a mountain—Decrease. Thus the superior person restrains anger and curbs desire.
Explanation in plain language
Decrease: If this hexagram is received in divination, there will be something to capture, bringing great good fortune and no disaster; it is an auspicious consultation. Moreover, what you undertake will bring profit. Someone will send two bowls of food, allowing you to enjoy a feast.
The Image says: The upper trigram is Gen, which is mountain; the lower trigram is Dui, which is lake. Thus a lake beneath a mountain is the image of Decrease. The superior person observes this image and takes the erosion of the mountain's foot by lake water as a warning, thereby restraining anger and blocking greed.
Explanation from The Heavenly Mechanism of Divining Changes
The Decrease hexagram has Gen above Dui below and is the third-generation hexagram of the Gen palace. Decrease symbolizes gain and loss, and reduction; it is an omen of reducing oneself and generally indicates inauspiciousness, but as long as sincerity is maintained, it will be favorable.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Decrease what is below and augment what is above; decrease fullness and augment emptiness. First difficult, then easy; live within your means.
Those who receive this hexagram should reduce themselves to benefit others. Although things may not go smoothly at first, what you give will eventually be repaid; it is an image of gaining blessing through misfortune.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Only with a calm and even temper can there be development.
Wealth: Harmony generates wealth; reduce yourself to benefit others.
Home: Choose level ground; husband and wife should each fulfill their proper roles.
Health: Cultivate your character and nature.
Traditional interpretation of the hexagram
This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams stacked together, Dui below and Gen above. Gen is mountain; Dui is lake. A lake above and a mountain below? Actually, with the mountain above and the lake below, the great lake erodes the mountain's roots. Gain and loss alternate; within decrease there is increase, and within increase there is decrease. The two must be treated with great caution. Decreasing what is below to benefit what is above, in governing a country, will damage the national foundation if taken too far. When something should be reduced, reduce it, but always according to one's strength and in moderation. The best is a small reduction that produces benefit.
Great Image: The mountain is high and the water deep; each finds its proper place. It is an image of gaining through loss.
Fortune: Nothing is going smoothly at present, and there is a sign of financial loss. Although there is an initial loss, gain will follow; misfortune turns into blessing.
Career: Developing a career requires investment. How much to invest should be carefully calculated in advance, striving for an appropriate balance between gains and losses. Everything should be done with moderation; fraud and greed must be avoided. In worldly affairs, mastering oneself is the hardest task. One must strictly demand much of oneself, work diligently, use flexible methods, and strive for career success.
Business: Investigate market conditions comprehensively and calculate the ratio of investment to returns. There is no need to be overly concerned with the size of the profit; making a profit is enough. Cooperate sincerely with others and trust one another. Be flexible in your methods, and do not isolate yourself.
Seeking recognition: To grow and advance, you must make an investment and put it into practice. Increase benefit through reduction and achieve your ideals.
Romance and marriage: Weigh the other person's strengths and weaknesses comprehensively, looking at the bigger picture.
Decision-making: You are intelligent and good at weighing advantages and disadvantages. Follow the natural laws of development, actively cooperate with others, take pleasure in helping people, invest in moderation, and support others, while you yourself should prefer frugality to extravagance. In this way, everything can proceed very smoothly.
The philosophical meaning of the Forty-First Hexagram
The image of Decrease and the symbolic meaning of Mountain over Lake, Decrease
The Decrease hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams stacked together. The upper trigram is Gen and the lower trigram is Dui; Gen is mountain and Dui is lake. With Dui below and Gen above, there is a lake beneath a mountain. Lake water seeps upward from below, nourishing all things growing on the mountain, but thereby causing the lake water to decrease. Therefore, this hexagram with Dui below and Gen above is named Decrease, meaning reduction.
From another perspective, Gen above and Dui below—mountain above and lake below—means the great lake erodes the mountain's roots. Decreasing what is below to benefit what is above, in governing a country, will damage the national foundation if excessive. Reduce what should be reduced, but always according to one's strength and in moderation. Small reduction with benefit is best. The Decrease hexagram symbolizes alternating loss and gain, with benefit within loss and loss within benefit. The relationship between the two must be treated with caution.
Hexagram Sun follows Hexagram Jie. The Sequence of the Hexagrams explains it this way: “When relaxation goes too far, there will inevitably be loss; therefore Hexagram Sun follows it.” After Hexagram Jie has eased difficulties, slackening off will inevitably cause losses, so Hexagram Sun appears next.
The Image explains this hexagram: A lake beneath a mountain—Decrease. Thus the superior person restrains anger and curbs desire. This indicates that the image of Decrease is Dui (lake) below and Gen (mountain) above, presenting a lake beneath a mountain. The lake diminishes itself by nourishing all things on the mountain; this is the meaning of Decrease. Following the philosophy contained in this phenomenon, the superior person should restrain a wild, violent temper, eliminate selfish desires, and do more things beneficial to everyone.
The Decrease hexagram symbolizes reduction and is a lower-lower hexagram. The Image judges it this way: When the time comes to act, it does not arrive, causing much worry; it is like pushing a cart and suffering, with a rugged mountain road and the cart hanging down; whatever one tries to insert or press on the right, it does not fit.
Hexagram 41 — line-by-line explanation
Detailed explanation of the first nine line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the First Nine line
Initial Nine: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; there is no blame. Consider how much to reduce.
The Image says: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; this still accords with the will.
Explanation in plain language
Initial Nine: For an important sacrificial ceremony, you must hurry to attend; only then will there be no disaster. If the offerings are too abundant, reduce them as appropriate.
The Image says: “For an important sacrificial ceremony, you must hurry to attend”—this expresses a heart of reverence for spirits and deities.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line can conduct affairs appropriately and gain profit; the less fortunate may have matters spoiled by alcohol and food. Officials may become too busy with work to attend to their families, while their reputation grows increasingly.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Increase your efforts; there may still be hope.
Wealth: Your judgment is accurate, so profit will naturally come.
Home: Move sooner; marry on this very day.
Health: Take action immediately.
Transformation of the First Nine line
!["周易第41卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_41_1.png)
The Initial Nine changes, resulting in Hexagram 4 of the Zhouyi: Mountain over Water, Youthful Folly. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Kan below and Gen above, repeated. Gen resembles a mountain and signifies stopping; Kan resembles water and signifies danger. The form is danger beneath a mountain, yet one continues forward without stopping; this is ignorance, hence the name Youthful Folly. But because one grasps the right moment and acts in accordance with the time, it also has the image of enlightenment and free passage.
Philosophical meaning of the First Nine line
The first line of Decrease, line statement: Initial Nine: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; there is no blame. Consider how much to reduce.
Yi: to stop. Chuan: urgently, quickly. Zhuo: appropriately.
The meaning of this line statement is: Stop what you are doing and hurry to help someone; there will be no disaster. However, it is enough to consider appropriately reducing part of your own benefit.
From the image of the hexagram, Initial Nine is at the beginning of Decrease. To undertake the task of decreasing what is below and benefiting what is above, one must act appropriately and must not go too far or exceed the proper measure.
The Image explains this line: “Once the matter is finished, hurry there”—this still accords with the will. This indicates that the yielding person in a position of honor needs help, while the firm person in a low position should take the lead without hesitation, immediately sacrificing his own undertaking to help another achieve success, showing a bond of kindred feeling with the honored person.
For someone who receives this line in divination, if someone nearby encounters difficulties, you should promptly offer help. Although this will entail some loss, it can build connections and leave others with a good impression. However, do not give away everything you have; provide only appropriate assistance.
Initial Nine: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; there is no blame. Consider how much to reduce.
The Image says: Once the matter is finished, go through; this still accords with the will.
The meaning of the classic text is: After finishing the matter, hurry there; there is no disaster, only the loss of drinking a little less wine. The meaning of the Image is: After finishing the matter, hurry there; going early accords with the will.
Initial Nine corresponds with Six Four. It is like Six Four hosting a banquet and inviting Initial Nine. Because Initial Nine has something to do nearby, he attends the banquet after finishing his immediate work, but arrives somewhat late; everyone has already eaten and drunk, leaving only the remains. This loss is merely the loss of drinking a little less wine, so it causes no disaster. Initial Nine went to the banquet not to eat and drink, but to associate with Six Four.
Detailed explanation of the Nine Two line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Second Nine line
Nine Two: Perseverance is beneficial; undertaking a campaign is ominous. Do not reduce; benefit it.
The Image says: Nine Two benefits from perseverance because maintaining the middle is its will.
Explanation in plain language
Nine Two: An auspicious consultation. To wage war against another country is ominous, because doing so would not harm that country but instead benefit it.
The Image says: The auspicious consultation in the Nine Two line is because Nine Two occupies the central position of the lower trigram, like a person whose conduct is guided by correctness and steadfastness.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Ominous: Those who receive this line should cautiously hold their position and refrain from action. For officials, the time is not ripe and promotion will be difficult.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Conduct yourself with moderation and good fortune will come naturally.
Wealth: The goods are suitable, so profit should be obtainable.
Home: Guard it and there will be good fortune; the match is well suited.
Health: An ordinary condition.
Transformation of the Second Nine line
!["周易第41卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_41_2.png)
The Nine Two line changes, resulting in Hexagram 27 of the Zhouyi: Mountain over Thunder, Nourishment. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Zhen below and Gen above, repeated. Zhen is thunder and Gen is mountain. With the mountain above and thunder below, the outside is solid and the inside empty. In spring, warmth nurtures the growth of all things; in accordance with the seasons, nurture the worthy and raise the people. Yang is solid and yin empty: the solid nourishes others, while the empty is nourished by others. One lives by one's own labor.
Philosophical meaning of the Second Nine line
The second line of Decrease, line statement: Nine One: Perseverance is beneficial; undertaking a campaign is ominous. Do not reduce; benefit it. Explanation of the line statement
“Do not reduce” means do not harm yourself.
The meaning of this line statement is: It is beneficial to hold firmly to the right path; taking the initiative to attack will bring danger. One can benefit the honored person without suffering any loss.
From the image of the hexagram, Nine Two is in the middle of the lower Dui trigram. It is a yang line in a yin position, so it is improperly placed. Because a yang line has the tendency to be active and advance rashly, if Nine Two goes to war it may encounter danger. Therefore it should maintain the middle and not go to war.
The Image explains this line: Nine Two benefits from perseverance because maintaining the middle is its will. This indicates that Nine Two benefits from holding to the right path because it occupies a moderate position, neither high nor low, while its own position is not very stable and is unsuitable for active action. Only by maintaining a balanced attitude—neither biased nor extreme, nor excessively conservative—as an unchanging aspiration can it benefit others.
For someone who receives this line in divination, because your abilities are limited, you should measure your capacity when helping others. Do not act rashly or take risks; otherwise you may not help others and may even cause them trouble. In addition, if you want to help someone, first examine whether they are worthy of your sympathy and assistance. If you truly want to help, you can achieve that aim without suffering any loss.
Nine Two: Perseverance is beneficial; undertaking a campaign is ominous. Do not reduce; benefit it.
Nine Two is in the middle of the lower trigram, but a yang line in an even position is improperly placed. It is also the lowest line of the lower nuclear Zhen trigram, giving an image of restlessness with the status quo. What it dislikes is the Six Three line above it, because this position originally belonged to Top Nine (that is, from Peace changing into Decrease). Thus it wants to push out Six Three; this thought and action are dangerous, hence the line statement says, “undertaking a campaign is ominous.” Nine Two is like a department manager whose direct superior was originally a capable person, but after that person was transferred away, the organization sent a mediocre person to become his superior. The manager feels dissatisfied and wants to force the new leader out. Such behavior will certainly meet opposition from the general manager and fail. Therefore, if the manager does not want to bring bad consequences upon himself, his only choice is to maintain moderation, perform his own duties well, and avoid doing anything contrary to the will of the higher organization.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Nine Three line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the third place line statement
Six Three: If three people travel together, one will be reduced; if one person travels alone, he finds a companion.
The Image says: When one person travels alone, three cause suspicion.
Explanation in plain language
Six Three: When three people travel together, differences of opinion are unavoidable, and one will surely be isolated. When one person travels alone, being lonely and without help, he takes the initiative to invite someone as a companion.
The Image says: When one person travels alone, he makes his own decisions and nothing restrains him. When three people travel together, each insists on his own view, creating suspicion.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will profit by working together; the unmarried may find a match. Officials will have harmonious relations with colleagues and hope for advancement.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Even-numbered months are favorable; do not be greedy for too much.
Wealth: Sole ownership will not suffer a loss.
Home: One household, two able-bodied men; finding a partner is auspicious.
Health: Cultivate yourself by reducing desires.
Six in the third place changing hexagram
!["周易第41卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_41_3.png)
The Six Three line changes, resulting in Hexagram 26 of the Zhouyi: Mountain over Heaven, Great Accumulation. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Qian below and Gen above, repeated. Qian is Heaven and is vigorous; Gen is mountain and is solid. Accumulation means gathering, so Great Accumulation means great reserves. Therefore, do not fear serious difficulties and obstacles; diligently cultivate yourself to enrich virtue and achievement.
The philosophical meaning of the line of Nine in the third place
The third line of Decrease, line statement: Six Three: If three people travel together, one will be reduced; if one person travels alone, he finds a companion. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: When three people go forward together, one of them will be harmed; when one person acts alone, he can encounter a like-minded friend.
The Image analyzes this line: When one person travels alone, three cause suspicion. This indicates that decreasing what is below and benefiting what is above must not be undertaken blindly as a mass rush; one must assess the time and circumstances and pursue practical results.
For someone who receives this line in divination, do not find too many partners when undertaking a task, otherwise disputes and differences may cause a rupture. If you act alone while looking for like-minded friends along the way, you will receive their help.
For someone who receives this line, work with complete concentration. Do not have too many ideas or undertake too many things simultaneously; if there are too many, you will be unable to do them well and will suffer loss. Work with focus and maintain your own judgment; do not casually follow others or simply do what they do.
The meaning of the Image is: One person walking gains a friend because three people together generate suspicion.
“Three people travel together” refers to the three yang lines below in Peace. “One will be reduced” refers to the Nine Three line of Peace leaving its original position and coming to the top line of Decrease after Peace changes into Decrease. “One person travels” also refers to the Nine Two line of Peace coming to the top-line position of Decrease. “Finds a companion” means that the Top Nine of Decrease joins with Six Five and corresponds with Six Three.
In principle, this line reflects a weakness of human nature. For example, Western countries believe that one Chinese person can defeat one Japanese person, but ten Chinese people cannot defeat ten Japanese people. Why is that? Because the situation “when two people travel, one is reduced” exists. Ten Chinese people together often end up “fighting among themselves,” so naturally they cannot contend with the other ten. This shows that weaknesses in human nature can also diminish collective strength.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Nine Four line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the fourth place line statement
Six Four: Reduce its illness; make it go quickly, and there will be joy. No blame.
The Image says: To reduce its illness is also cause for joy.
Explanation in plain language
Six Four: To eliminate illness, hurry to seek a shaman and offer sacrifices to the spirits; the illness will improve, and there will surely be no disaster.
The Image says: “Seeking a shaman and offering sacrifices to eliminate illness” is also a joyful matter.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will have many joyous events; those facing disaster will turn toward good fortune, the sick will recover, and the worried will become joyful. Idle officials will be reinstated.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: After a minor disaster, worry turns into joy.
Wealth: Reduce the goods; trust will bring benefit.
Home: Yin energy is excessive; prayer can bring peace. Marriage can be joyful.
Health: Seek medical attention immediately, or the situation may be worrying.
Six in the fourth place changing hexagram
!["周易第41卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_41_4.png)
The Six Four line changes, resulting in Hexagram 38 of the Zhouyi: Fire over Lake, Opposition. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Dui below and Li above, repeated. Li is fire; Dui is lake. Fire above and lake below oppose one another and do not benefit each other. When things overcome one another, they generate life; cycles return without emptiness. All things differ, and where there is difference there must be variation and mutual contradiction. Opposition means contradiction.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fourth place line
The fourth line of Decrease, line statement: Six Four: Reduce its illness; make it go quickly, and there will be joy. No blame.
Chuan: quickly, immediately.
The meaning of this line statement is: Overcome your own weaknesses as much as possible and welcome the joy that is about to arrive; there will be no disaster.
From the image of the hexagram, Six Four is within the nuclear Zhen (Nine Two, Six Three, Six Four), and Zhen means decisiveness and agitation, extended to mean the illness of indecision. The line statement emphasizes that this illness must be corrected immediately; only then will joyful events occur.
The Image explains this line: “Reduce its illness”—this too is cause for joy. This indicates that one should overcome one's weaknesses as much as possible and wait to receive benefit from others. The act of overcoming one's weaknesses is itself a very joyful matter.
For someone who receives this line in divination, overcome your weaknesses. If what you are doing encounters trouble, reduce its defects and quickly create a turning point; this will bring gain. If a friend needs help, while helping them you should also point out their weaknesses; they will surely be grateful.
Six Four: Reduce its illness; make it go quickly, and there will be joy. No blame.
The Image says: To reduce its illness is also cause for joy.
The meaning of the classic text is: Relieve the pain of illness and make the condition improve quickly; there is no disaster. The meaning of the Image is: Relieving the pain of illness is also a joyful matter.
What illness does “reduce its illness” refer to here? It is the illness of “fighting among ourselves.” In Peace, the upper trigram consists of three yin lines. The yin lines together are like the ten Chinese people mentioned above; this situation easily causes the collective strength to be diminished through internal fighting. What can be done? One yin line must be reduced to the lower trigram, and one yang line reduced from the lower trigram to the upper trigram. This forms Decrease. Because this change prevents internal fighting, collective strength is strengthened. This is the meaning that loss is the beginning of strength.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Nine Five line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the fifth place line statement
Six Five: Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie shells; he cannot refuse. Supreme good fortune.
The Image says: Six Five has supreme good fortune because it is blessed from above.
Explanation in plain language
Six Five: Someone gives him a great turtle worth ten strings of cowrie shells. This cannot be refused; using the turtle for divination is a greatly auspicious matter.
The Image says: The supreme good fortune described by the Six Five line statement is because Heaven protects him and grants him a divine turtle; therefore it is greatly auspicious.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: Those who receive this line will have excellent fortune and abundant wealth. Officials will receive praise and promotion from their leaders. Scholars will achieve excellent results.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Excellent fortune, with unexpected assistance.
Wealth: Profit comes on its own; there is no need to decline it.
Home: The family enterprise prospers; a match made in Heaven.
Health: The illness will heal and wealth will be gained.
Six in the fifth place changing hexagram
!["周易第41卦的其中之一变卦卦的卦图]("https://mypublicforweb.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/inching/64_41_5.png)
The Six Five line changes, resulting in Hexagram 61 of the Zhouyi: Wind over Lake, Inner Truth. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Dui below and Xun above, repeated. The original meaning of fu is hatching; the date when an egg hatches is very precise, giving it the meaning of trust. The form is solid outside and empty inside, symbolizing sincerity in the heart; hence it is called Inner Truth. This is the foundation for establishing oneself and conducting oneself in the world.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fifth place line
The fifth line of Decrease, line statement: Six Five: Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie shells; he cannot refuse. Supreme good fortune. Explanation of the line statement
“Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie-shell turtles”: “Peng” was an ancient monetary unit; two cowrie shells made one peng. “Turtle” refers to a divine turtle.
This sentence means that the opposing side can present a great divine turtle worth ten peng.
“He cannot refuse”: Do not decline it.
The meaning of this line statement is: Someone sends a divine turtle worth ten peng; do not refuse it. Great good fortune.
From the image of the hexagram, this Six Five line is a yin line in a firm position, combining firmness and yieldingness. In addition to having a proper yin-yang correspondence with Nine Two, it can also receive support from Top Nine.
The Image analyzes this line: Six Five has supreme good fortune because it is blessed from above. This indicates that Six Five gains supreme good fortune entirely through Heaven's protection. Although Six Five itself is yielding and occupies an honored position, it still thinks of reducing itself so others may benefit. Thus it not only receives broad assistance from the masses but also wins Heaven's favor.
For someone who receives this line in divination, it is extremely auspicious, like finding jade after chiseling stone; you will receive a sum of money. It may be that people you helped in the past are beginning to repay you. The wealth delivered into your hands is what you deserve, so do not refuse it. If you feel confused, and someone suggests buying an expensive turtle to release, you may do so; this will bring great good fortune.
Six Five: Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie shells; he cannot refuse. Supreme good fortune. The Image says: Six Five has supreme good fortune because it is blessed from above.
The meaning of the classic text is: Someone gives a treasure turtle worth ten peng; do not refuse it. Great auspiciousness.
The meaning of the Image is that the supreme auspiciousness of Six Five comes from the protection of Top Nine.
The Fifth has obtained a treasure turtle worth ten peng; in fact, this treasure turtle symbolizes power. Six Five occupies the honored position; who gave him this position? Top Nine did. Top Nine moved from the Nine Three line of Peace to the Top Nine line of Decrease in order to help Six Five consolidate political power. Therefore Six Five need not refuse; as long as it exercises its authority correctly, there will be great good fortune.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Top Nine line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Top Nine line
Top Nine: Do not reduce; benefit it. There is no blame. Perseverance is auspicious. It is favorable to have somewhere to go; one gains a minister without a household.
The Image says: Do not reduce; benefit it—this is achieving one's aspirations greatly.
Explanation in plain language
Top Nine: Do not reduce or increase; leave things as they are. There is no disaster, and the consultation is auspicious. If this line is received in divination, undertaking something will certainly bring profit, and one will obtain a solitary slave.
The Image says: Do not reduce or increase; act impartially and hold to the middle. In this way, one's lifelong aspirations can be fulfilled.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: Those who receive this line will be supported by benefactors, and financial gain can be expected. Officials will receive the affection of their subordinates and the esteem of their leaders.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Everything goes smoothly; what you plan can be accomplished.
Wealth: Prices are steady, yet profits are considerable.
Home: No renovation is necessary.
Health: Go outside to seek medical treatment.
Transformation of the Top Nine line
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The Top Nine line changes, resulting in Hexagram 19 of the Zhouyi: Earth over Lake, Approach. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Dui below and Kun above, repeated. Kun is earth and Dui is lake; the earth is higher than the lake, and the lake is contained by the earth. It symbolizes the ruler personally approaching the realm, governing the country and securing peace, with harmony between above and below.
Philosophical meaning of the Upper Nine line
The sixth line of Decrease, line statement: Top Nine: Do not reduce; benefit it. There is no blame. Perseverance is auspicious. There is somewhere to go; one gains a minister without a household. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Without suffering any loss, one can benefit others, and there is no blame. Persevering on the correct path brings good fortune. At this time, one should proceed boldly with one's undertaking; it will benefit the realm, and the people will wholeheartedly submit.
The top nine occupies the summit of the Decrease hexagram. The Image analyzes this line as follows: “Do not diminish him; increase him”—he achieves great fulfillment of his aspirations. This indicates that “without suffering any loss, one can benefit others” because, being at the highest position of the Decrease hexagram, he has obtained abundant assistance and benefit. Thus he can help others without reducing himself. This is naturally the highest state of the Decrease hexagram and fulfills the goal it seeks.
The Decrease hexagram discusses reducing oneself. Yet this reduction does not mean sacrificing part of one's own interests to assist others, nor does it mean the usual practice of harming others for one's own benefit. Rather, it concerns how to obtain considerable benefit without causing the slightest loss to one's own side, or how to benefit others without harming oneself; and how, when unavoidable, to appropriately reduce or relinquish part of one's interests in pursuit of greater and broader benefits. This is the most essential meaning of the Decrease hexagram.
Top nine: Do not diminish him; increase him. No blame. Perseverance brings good fortune. It is beneficial to undertake something. Gain ministers without families. The Image says: Do not diminish him; increase him—great fulfillment of one's aspirations.
The classical text means: There is no reduction; instead, benefit is obtained. There is no disaster. Keeping to the correct path brings good fortune. Going forward is beneficial. One obtains a minister who is selfless and forgets his family.
The Image statement means: There is no reduction; instead, something is gained. This means that one's aspirations can be fulfilled on a grand scale.
The Nine at the third place of Peace comes to occupy the position of the top nine, forming the Decrease hexagram. This does not weaken the upper trigram of the Decrease hexagram; rather, it strengthens its power. Therefore the line statement says, “Do not diminish him; increase him.”
The top nine is helpful to the upper trigram, so how could there be disaster? Thus, as long as one keeps to the correct path, good fortune naturally follows. “Gain ministers without families” means that the top nine originally corresponded to the third nine of Peace. The lower trigram is the inner trigram and represents the family, so the third nine of Peace was the head of the family represented by the lower trigram. But after becoming the top line of Decrease, it possesses the three yin lines below it—that is, it gains ministers—yet is no longer the head of a family in the lower trigram. Hence, “gain ministers without families.”
Statement of the First Nine line
Initial Nine: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; there is no blame. Consider how much to reduce.
The Image says: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; this still accords with the will.
Explanation in plain language
Initial Nine: For an important sacrificial ceremony, you must hurry to attend; only then will there be no disaster. If the offerings are too abundant, reduce them as appropriate.
The Image says: “For an important sacrificial ceremony, you must hurry to attend”—this expresses a heart of reverence for spirits and deities.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line can conduct affairs appropriately and gain profit; the less fortunate may have matters spoiled by alcohol and food. Officials may become too busy with work to attend to their families, while their reputation grows increasingly.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Increase your efforts; there may still be hope.
Wealth: Your judgment is accurate, so profit will naturally come.
Home: Move sooner; marry on this very day.
Health: Take action immediately.
Transformation of the First Nine line
The Initial Nine changes, resulting in Hexagram 4 of the Zhouyi: Mountain over Water, Youthful Folly. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Kan below and Gen above, repeated. Gen resembles a mountain and signifies stopping; Kan resembles water and signifies danger. The form is danger beneath a mountain, yet one continues forward without stopping; this is ignorance, hence the name Youthful Folly. But because one grasps the right moment and acts in accordance with the time, it also has the image of enlightenment and free passage.
Philosophical meaning of the First Nine line
The first line of Decrease, line statement: Initial Nine: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; there is no blame. Consider how much to reduce.
Yi: to stop. Chuan: urgently, quickly. Zhuo: appropriately.
The meaning of this line statement is: Stop what you are doing and hurry to help someone; there will be no disaster. However, it is enough to consider appropriately reducing part of your own benefit.
From the image of the hexagram, Initial Nine is at the beginning of Decrease. To undertake the task of decreasing what is below and benefiting what is above, one must act appropriately and must not go too far or exceed the proper measure.
The Image explains this line: “Once the matter is finished, hurry there”—this still accords with the will. This indicates that the yielding person in a position of honor needs help, while the firm person in a low position should take the lead without hesitation, immediately sacrificing his own undertaking to help another achieve success, showing a bond of kindred feeling with the honored person.
For someone who receives this line in divination, if someone nearby encounters difficulties, you should promptly offer help. Although this will entail some loss, it can build connections and leave others with a good impression. However, do not give away everything you have; provide only appropriate assistance.
Initial Nine: Once the matter is finished, hurry there; there is no blame. Consider how much to reduce.
The Image says: Once the matter is finished, go through; this still accords with the will.
The meaning of the classic text is: After finishing the matter, hurry there; there is no disaster, only the loss of drinking a little less wine. The meaning of the Image is: After finishing the matter, hurry there; going early accords with the will.
Initial Nine corresponds with Six Four. It is like Six Four hosting a banquet and inviting Initial Nine. Because Initial Nine has something to do nearby, he attends the banquet after finishing his immediate work, but arrives somewhat late; everyone has already eaten and drunk, leaving only the remains. This loss is merely the loss of drinking a little less wine, so it causes no disaster. Initial Nine went to the banquet not to eat and drink, but to associate with Six Four.
Detailed explanation of the Nine Two line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Second Nine line
Nine Two: Perseverance is beneficial; undertaking a campaign is ominous. Do not reduce; benefit it.
The Image says: Nine Two benefits from perseverance because maintaining the middle is its will.
Explanation in plain language
Nine Two: An auspicious consultation. To wage war against another country is ominous, because doing so would not harm that country but instead benefit it.
The Image says: The auspicious consultation in the Nine Two line is because Nine Two occupies the central position of the lower trigram, like a person whose conduct is guided by correctness and steadfastness.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Ominous: Those who receive this line should cautiously hold their position and refrain from action. For officials, the time is not ripe and promotion will be difficult.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Conduct yourself with moderation and good fortune will come naturally.
Wealth: The goods are suitable, so profit should be obtainable.
Home: Guard it and there will be good fortune; the match is well suited.
Health: An ordinary condition.
Transformation of the Second Nine line
The Nine Two line changes, resulting in Hexagram 27 of the Zhouyi: Mountain over Thunder, Nourishment. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Zhen below and Gen above, repeated. Zhen is thunder and Gen is mountain. With the mountain above and thunder below, the outside is solid and the inside empty. In spring, warmth nurtures the growth of all things; in accordance with the seasons, nurture the worthy and raise the people. Yang is solid and yin empty: the solid nourishes others, while the empty is nourished by others. One lives by one's own labor.
Philosophical meaning of the Second Nine line
The second line of Decrease, line statement: Nine One: Perseverance is beneficial; undertaking a campaign is ominous. Do not reduce; benefit it. Explanation of the line statement
“Do not reduce” means do not harm yourself.
The meaning of this line statement is: It is beneficial to hold firmly to the right path; taking the initiative to attack will bring danger. One can benefit the honored person without suffering any loss.
From the image of the hexagram, Nine Two is in the middle of the lower Dui trigram. It is a yang line in a yin position, so it is improperly placed. Because a yang line has the tendency to be active and advance rashly, if Nine Two goes to war it may encounter danger. Therefore it should maintain the middle and not go to war.
The Image explains this line: Nine Two benefits from perseverance because maintaining the middle is its will. This indicates that Nine Two benefits from holding to the right path because it occupies a moderate position, neither high nor low, while its own position is not very stable and is unsuitable for active action. Only by maintaining a balanced attitude—neither biased nor extreme, nor excessively conservative—as an unchanging aspiration can it benefit others.
For someone who receives this line in divination, because your abilities are limited, you should measure your capacity when helping others. Do not act rashly or take risks; otherwise you may not help others and may even cause them trouble. In addition, if you want to help someone, first examine whether they are worthy of your sympathy and assistance. If you truly want to help, you can achieve that aim without suffering any loss.
Nine Two: Perseverance is beneficial; undertaking a campaign is ominous. Do not reduce; benefit it.
Nine Two is in the middle of the lower trigram, but a yang line in an even position is improperly placed. It is also the lowest line of the lower nuclear Zhen trigram, giving an image of restlessness with the status quo. What it dislikes is the Six Three line above it, because this position originally belonged to Top Nine (that is, from Peace changing into Decrease). Thus it wants to push out Six Three; this thought and action are dangerous, hence the line statement says, “undertaking a campaign is ominous.” Nine Two is like a department manager whose direct superior was originally a capable person, but after that person was transferred away, the organization sent a mediocre person to become his superior. The manager feels dissatisfied and wants to force the new leader out. Such behavior will certainly meet opposition from the general manager and fail. Therefore, if the manager does not want to bring bad consequences upon himself, his only choice is to maintain moderation, perform his own duties well, and avoid doing anything contrary to the will of the higher organization.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Nine Three line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the third place line statement
Six Three: If three people travel together, one will be reduced; if one person travels alone, he finds a companion.
The Image says: When one person travels alone, three cause suspicion.
Explanation in plain language
Six Three: When three people travel together, differences of opinion are unavoidable, and one will surely be isolated. When one person travels alone, being lonely and without help, he takes the initiative to invite someone as a companion.
The Image says: When one person travels alone, he makes his own decisions and nothing restrains him. When three people travel together, each insists on his own view, creating suspicion.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will profit by working together; the unmarried may find a match. Officials will have harmonious relations with colleagues and hope for advancement.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Even-numbered months are favorable; do not be greedy for too much.
Wealth: Sole ownership will not suffer a loss.
Home: One household, two able-bodied men; finding a partner is auspicious.
Health: Cultivate yourself by reducing desires.
Six in the third place changing hexagram
The Six Three line changes, resulting in Hexagram 26 of the Zhouyi: Mountain over Heaven, Great Accumulation. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Qian below and Gen above, repeated. Qian is Heaven and is vigorous; Gen is mountain and is solid. Accumulation means gathering, so Great Accumulation means great reserves. Therefore, do not fear serious difficulties and obstacles; diligently cultivate yourself to enrich virtue and achievement.
The philosophical meaning of the line of Nine in the third place
The third line of Decrease, line statement: Six Three: If three people travel together, one will be reduced; if one person travels alone, he finds a companion. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: When three people go forward together, one of them will be harmed; when one person acts alone, he can encounter a like-minded friend.
The Image analyzes this line: When one person travels alone, three cause suspicion. This indicates that decreasing what is below and benefiting what is above must not be undertaken blindly as a mass rush; one must assess the time and circumstances and pursue practical results.
For someone who receives this line in divination, do not find too many partners when undertaking a task, otherwise disputes and differences may cause a rupture. If you act alone while looking for like-minded friends along the way, you will receive their help.
For someone who receives this line, work with complete concentration. Do not have too many ideas or undertake too many things simultaneously; if there are too many, you will be unable to do them well and will suffer loss. Work with focus and maintain your own judgment; do not casually follow others or simply do what they do.
The meaning of the Image is: One person walking gains a friend because three people together generate suspicion.
“Three people travel together” refers to the three yang lines below in Peace. “One will be reduced” refers to the Nine Three line of Peace leaving its original position and coming to the top line of Decrease after Peace changes into Decrease. “One person travels” also refers to the Nine Two line of Peace coming to the top-line position of Decrease. “Finds a companion” means that the Top Nine of Decrease joins with Six Five and corresponds with Six Three.
In principle, this line reflects a weakness of human nature. For example, Western countries believe that one Chinese person can defeat one Japanese person, but ten Chinese people cannot defeat ten Japanese people. Why is that? Because the situation “when two people travel, one is reduced” exists. Ten Chinese people together often end up “fighting among themselves,” so naturally they cannot contend with the other ten. This shows that weaknesses in human nature can also diminish collective strength.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Nine Four line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the fourth place line statement
Six Four: Reduce its illness; make it go quickly, and there will be joy. No blame.
The Image says: To reduce its illness is also cause for joy.
Explanation in plain language
Six Four: To eliminate illness, hurry to seek a shaman and offer sacrifices to the spirits; the illness will improve, and there will surely be no disaster.
The Image says: “Seeking a shaman and offering sacrifices to eliminate illness” is also a joyful matter.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Neutral: Those who receive this line will have many joyous events; those facing disaster will turn toward good fortune, the sick will recover, and the worried will become joyful. Idle officials will be reinstated.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: After a minor disaster, worry turns into joy.
Wealth: Reduce the goods; trust will bring benefit.
Home: Yin energy is excessive; prayer can bring peace. Marriage can be joyful.
Health: Seek medical attention immediately, or the situation may be worrying.
Six in the fourth place changing hexagram
The Six Four line changes, resulting in Hexagram 38 of the Zhouyi: Fire over Lake, Opposition. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Dui below and Li above, repeated. Li is fire; Dui is lake. Fire above and lake below oppose one another and do not benefit each other. When things overcome one another, they generate life; cycles return without emptiness. All things differ, and where there is difference there must be variation and mutual contradiction. Opposition means contradiction.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fourth place line
The fourth line of Decrease, line statement: Six Four: Reduce its illness; make it go quickly, and there will be joy. No blame.
Chuan: quickly, immediately.
The meaning of this line statement is: Overcome your own weaknesses as much as possible and welcome the joy that is about to arrive; there will be no disaster.
From the image of the hexagram, Six Four is within the nuclear Zhen (Nine Two, Six Three, Six Four), and Zhen means decisiveness and agitation, extended to mean the illness of indecision. The line statement emphasizes that this illness must be corrected immediately; only then will joyful events occur.
The Image explains this line: “Reduce its illness”—this too is cause for joy. This indicates that one should overcome one's weaknesses as much as possible and wait to receive benefit from others. The act of overcoming one's weaknesses is itself a very joyful matter.
For someone who receives this line in divination, overcome your weaknesses. If what you are doing encounters trouble, reduce its defects and quickly create a turning point; this will bring gain. If a friend needs help, while helping them you should also point out their weaknesses; they will surely be grateful.
Six Four: Reduce its illness; make it go quickly, and there will be joy. No blame.
The Image says: To reduce its illness is also cause for joy.
The meaning of the classic text is: Relieve the pain of illness and make the condition improve quickly; there is no disaster. The meaning of the Image is: Relieving the pain of illness is also a joyful matter.
What illness does “reduce its illness” refer to here? It is the illness of “fighting among ourselves.” In Peace, the upper trigram consists of three yin lines. The yin lines together are like the ten Chinese people mentioned above; this situation easily causes the collective strength to be diminished through internal fighting. What can be done? One yin line must be reduced to the lower trigram, and one yang line reduced from the lower trigram to the upper trigram. This forms Decrease. Because this change prevents internal fighting, collective strength is strengthened. This is the meaning that loss is the beginning of strength.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Nine Five line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Six in the fifth place line statement
Six Five: Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie shells; he cannot refuse. Supreme good fortune.
The Image says: Six Five has supreme good fortune because it is blessed from above.
Explanation in plain language
Six Five: Someone gives him a great turtle worth ten strings of cowrie shells. This cannot be refused; using the turtle for divination is a greatly auspicious matter.
The Image says: The supreme good fortune described by the Six Five line statement is because Heaven protects him and grants him a divine turtle; therefore it is greatly auspicious.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: Those who receive this line will have excellent fortune and abundant wealth. Officials will receive praise and promotion from their leaders. Scholars will achieve excellent results.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Excellent fortune, with unexpected assistance.
Wealth: Profit comes on its own; there is no need to decline it.
Home: The family enterprise prospers; a match made in Heaven.
Health: The illness will heal and wealth will be gained.
Six in the fifth place changing hexagram
The Six Five line changes, resulting in Hexagram 61 of the Zhouyi: Wind over Lake, Inner Truth. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Dui below and Xun above, repeated. The original meaning of fu is hatching; the date when an egg hatches is very precise, giving it the meaning of trust. The form is solid outside and empty inside, symbolizing sincerity in the heart; hence it is called Inner Truth. This is the foundation for establishing oneself and conducting oneself in the world.
Philosophical meaning of the Nine in the fifth place line
The fifth line of Decrease, line statement: Six Five: Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie shells; he cannot refuse. Supreme good fortune. Explanation of the line statement
“Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie-shell turtles”: “Peng” was an ancient monetary unit; two cowrie shells made one peng. “Turtle” refers to a divine turtle.
This sentence means that the opposing side can present a great divine turtle worth ten peng.
“He cannot refuse”: Do not decline it.
The meaning of this line statement is: Someone sends a divine turtle worth ten peng; do not refuse it. Great good fortune.
From the image of the hexagram, this Six Five line is a yin line in a firm position, combining firmness and yieldingness. In addition to having a proper yin-yang correspondence with Nine Two, it can also receive support from Top Nine.
The Image analyzes this line: Six Five has supreme good fortune because it is blessed from above. This indicates that Six Five gains supreme good fortune entirely through Heaven's protection. Although Six Five itself is yielding and occupies an honored position, it still thinks of reducing itself so others may benefit. Thus it not only receives broad assistance from the masses but also wins Heaven's favor.
For someone who receives this line in divination, it is extremely auspicious, like finding jade after chiseling stone; you will receive a sum of money. It may be that people you helped in the past are beginning to repay you. The wealth delivered into your hands is what you deserve, so do not refuse it. If you feel confused, and someone suggests buying an expensive turtle to release, you may do so; this will bring great good fortune.
Six Five: Someone augments him with ten strings of cowrie shells; he cannot refuse. Supreme good fortune. The Image says: Six Five has supreme good fortune because it is blessed from above.
The meaning of the classic text is: Someone gives a treasure turtle worth ten peng; do not refuse it. Great auspiciousness.
The meaning of the Image is that the supreme auspiciousness of Six Five comes from the protection of Top Nine.
The Fifth has obtained a treasure turtle worth ten peng; in fact, this treasure turtle symbolizes power. Six Five occupies the honored position; who gave him this position? Top Nine did. Top Nine moved from the Nine Three line of Peace to the Top Nine line of Decrease in order to help Six Five consolidate political power. Therefore Six Five need not refuse; as long as it exercises its authority correctly, there will be great good fortune.
Detailed detailed explanation of the Top Nine line of the Forty-First Hexagram of the Zhouyi
Statement of the Top Nine line
Top Nine: Do not reduce; benefit it. There is no blame. Perseverance is auspicious. It is favorable to have somewhere to go; one gains a minister without a household.
The Image says: Do not reduce; benefit it—this is achieving one's aspirations greatly.
Explanation in plain language
Top Nine: Do not reduce or increase; leave things as they are. There is no disaster, and the consultation is auspicious. If this line is received in divination, undertaking something will certainly bring profit, and one will obtain a solitary slave.
The Image says: Do not reduce or increase; act impartially and hold to the middle. In this way, one's lifelong aspirations can be fulfilled.
Explanation by Shao Yong, a Northern Song scholar of the Changes
Auspicious: Those who receive this line will be supported by benefactors, and financial gain can be expected. Officials will receive the affection of their subordinates and the esteem of their leaders.
Interpretation by Fu Peirong, a Taiwanese master of traditional Chinese learning
Fortune: Everything goes smoothly; what you plan can be accomplished.
Wealth: Prices are steady, yet profits are considerable.
Home: No renovation is necessary.
Health: Go outside to seek medical treatment.
Transformation of the Top Nine line
The Top Nine line changes, resulting in Hexagram 19 of the Zhouyi: Earth over Lake, Approach. This hexagram consists of two opposite trigrams, Dui below and Kun above, repeated. Kun is earth and Dui is lake; the earth is higher than the lake, and the lake is contained by the earth. It symbolizes the ruler personally approaching the realm, governing the country and securing peace, with harmony between above and below.
Philosophical meaning of the Upper Nine line
The sixth line of Decrease, line statement: Top Nine: Do not reduce; benefit it. There is no blame. Perseverance is auspicious. There is somewhere to go; one gains a minister without a household. Explanation of the line statement
The meaning of this line statement is: Without suffering any loss, one can benefit others, and there is no blame. Persevering on the correct path brings good fortune. At this time, one should proceed boldly with one's undertaking; it will benefit the realm, and the people will wholeheartedly submit.
The top nine occupies the summit of the Decrease hexagram. The Image analyzes this line as follows: “Do not diminish him; increase him”—he achieves great fulfillment of his aspirations. This indicates that “without suffering any loss, one can benefit others” because, being at the highest position of the Decrease hexagram, he has obtained abundant assistance and benefit. Thus he can help others without reducing himself. This is naturally the highest state of the Decrease hexagram and fulfills the goal it seeks.
The Decrease hexagram discusses reducing oneself. Yet this reduction does not mean sacrificing part of one's own interests to assist others, nor does it mean the usual practice of harming others for one's own benefit. Rather, it concerns how to obtain considerable benefit without causing the slightest loss to one's own side, or how to benefit others without harming oneself; and how, when unavoidable, to appropriately reduce or relinquish part of one's interests in pursuit of greater and broader benefits. This is the most essential meaning of the Decrease hexagram.
Top nine: Do not diminish him; increase him. No blame. Perseverance brings good fortune. It is beneficial to undertake something. Gain ministers without families. The Image says: Do not diminish him; increase him—great fulfillment of one's aspirations.
The classical text means: There is no reduction; instead, benefit is obtained. There is no disaster. Keeping to the correct path brings good fortune. Going forward is beneficial. One obtains a minister who is selfless and forgets his family.
The Image statement means: There is no reduction; instead, something is gained. This means that one's aspirations can be fulfilled on a grand scale.
The Nine at the third place of Peace comes to occupy the position of the top nine, forming the Decrease hexagram. This does not weaken the upper trigram of the Decrease hexagram; rather, it strengthens its power. Therefore the line statement says, “Do not diminish him; increase him.”
The top nine is helpful to the upper trigram, so how could there be disaster? Thus, as long as one keeps to the correct path, good fortune naturally follows. “Gain ministers without families” means that the top nine originally corresponded to the third nine of Peace. The lower trigram is the inner trigram and represents the family, so the third nine of Peace was the head of the family represented by the lower trigram. But after becoming the top line of Decrease, it possesses the three yin lines below it—that is, it gains ministers—yet is no longer the head of a family in the lower trigram. Hence, “gain ministers without families.”